怎么把R Markdown转换成PDF? [英] How to convert R Markdown to PDF?

问题描述

我以前曾问过用于将R Markdown转换为HTML的命令.

将R Markdown文件转换为PDF文档的好方法是什么?

一个好的解决方案将保留尽可能多的内容(例如图像，方程式，html表等).该解决方案需要能够从命令行运行.一个好的解决方案也应该是跨平台，并且最好将依赖关系降到最低，从而更容易共享makefile等.

A good solution would preserve as much as possible of the content (e.g., images, equations, html tables, etc.). The solution needs to be able to be run from the command-line. A good solution would also be cross-platform, and ideally minimise dependencies to make it easier to share makefiles and so forth.

具体来说，有很多选择:

Specifically, there are a lot of options:

• 是否将RMD转换为MD转换为HTML转换为PDF；或从RMD到MD到PDF；或RMD转换为PDF
• 如果在R中使用markdown软件包，则应指定哪些选项
• 是否使用pandoc，R内置的软件包或其他内容

• Whether to convert RMD to MD to HTML to PDF; or RMD to MD to PDF; or RMD to PDF
• If using the markdown package in R, which options to specify
• Whether to use pandoc, a package built into R, or something else

这是一个示例 rmd文件，该文件大概可以对任何建议的解决方案进行合理的测试.它用作此博客的基础发布.

Here's an example rmd file that presumably provides a reasonable test of any proposed solution. It was used as the basis for this blog post.

推荐答案

更新后的答案(2013年2月10日)

rmarkdown程序包: 现在在github 上有一个 rmarkdown程序包可以与Pandoc交互. 它包括一个render函数.该文档非常清楚地说明了如何将rmarkdown转换为其他格式.这包括在rmarkdown文件中包括输出格式，或者正在为rend函数提供输出格式.例如，

Updated Answer (10 Feb 2013)

rmarkdown package: There is now an rmarkdown package available on github that interfaces with Pandoc. It includes a render function. The documentation makes it pretty clear how to convert rmarkdown to pdf among a range of other formats. This includes including output formats in the rmarkdown file or running supplying an output format to the rend function. E.g.,

render("input.Rmd", "pdf_document")

命令行: 当我从命令行运行render时(例如使用Makefile)，有时会遇到找不到pandoc的问题.大概它不在搜索路径上. 以下答案说明了如何将pandoc添加到R环境中.

Command-line: When I run render from the command-line (e.g., using a makefile), I sometimes have issues with pandoc not being found. Presumably, it is not on the search path. The following answer explains how to add pandoc to the R environment.

例如，在运行OSX的计算机上，我通过RStudio获得了pandoc的副本，我可以使用以下代码:

So for example, on my computer running OSX, where I have a copy of pandoc through RStudio, I can use the following:

Rscript -e "Sys.setenv(RSTUDIO_PANDOC='/Applications/RStudio.app/Contents/MacOS/pandoc');library(rmarkdown);  library(utils); render('input.Rmd', 'pdf_document')"

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旧答案(大约在2012年)

因此，许多人建议使用Pandoc.请参阅以下注释，了解拥有最新版本的Pandoc的重要性.

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Old Answer (circa 2012)

So, a number of people have suggested that Pandoc is the way to go. See notes below about the importance of having an up-to-date version of Pandoc.

我使用以下命令将R Markdown转换为HTML(即此Makefile的变体)，其中RMDFILE是不带.rmd组件的R Markdown文件的名称(它也假定扩展名是.rmd而不是.Rmd).

I used the following command to convert R Markdown to HTML (i.e., a variant of this makefile), where RMDFILE is the name of the R Markdown file without the .rmd component (it also assumes that the extension is .rmd and not .Rmd).

RMDFILE=example-r-markdown  
Rscript -e "require(knitr); require(markdown); knit('$RMDFILE.rmd', '$RMDFILE.md'); markdownToHTML('$RMDFILE.md', '$RMDFILE.html', options=c('use_xhml'))"

然后使用此命令将其转换为pdf

and then this command to convert to pdf

Pandoc -s example-r-markdown.html -o example-r-markdown.pdf

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关于此的一些注意事项:

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A few notes about this:

• 我删除了示例文件中的引用，该示例文件将图导出到imgur中以托管图像.
• 我删除了对imgur上托管的图像的引用.数字似乎需要本地化.
• markdownToHTML函数中的选项意味着图像引用是针对文件的，而不是针对HTML文件中存储的数据的(即，我从选项列表中删除了'base64_images').
• 结果输出看起来像此 .与从浏览器将HTML文件打印为pdf时所得到的相比，它显然制作了非常LaTeX风格的文档.

• I removed the reference in the example file which exports plots to imgur to host images.
• I removed a reference to an image that was hosted on imgur. Figures appear to need to be local.
• The options in the markdownToHTML function meant that image references are to files and not to data stored in the HTML file (i.e., I removed 'base64_images' from the option list).
• The resulting output looked like this. It has clearly made a very LaTeX style document in contrast to what I get if I print the HTML file to pdf from a browser.

正如@daroczig所提到的，拥有最新版本的Pandoc以输出pdf至关重要.从2012年6月15日开始，在Ubuntu上，我在程序包管理器中停留在Pandoc的1.8.1版本中，但是从

As mentioned by @daroczig, it's important to have an up-to-date version of Pandoc in order to output pdfs. On Ubuntu as of 15th June 2012, I was stuck with version 1.8.1 of Pandoc in the package manager, but it seems from the change log that for pdf support you need at least version 1.9+ of Pandoc.

因此，我安装了caball-install. 然后运行:

Thus, I installed caball-install. And then ran:

cabal update
cabal install pandoc

Pandoc已安装在~/.cabal/bin/pandoc中 因此，当我运行pandoc时，它仍然看到旧版本. 请参见此处添加到路径.

Pandoc was installed in ~/.cabal/bin/pandoc Thus, when I ran pandoc it was still seeing the old version. See here for adding to the path.

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