如何在Bash脚本中将DOS/Windows换行符(CRLF)转换为Unix换行符(LF)? [英] How to convert DOS/Windows newline (CRLF) to Unix newline (LF) in a Bash script?

问题描述

如何通过编程方式(即不使用vi)将DOS/Windows换行符转换为Unix?

How can I programmatically (i.e., not using vi) convert DOS/Windows newlines to Unix?

dos2unix和unix2dos命令在某些系统上不可用.如何使用sed/awk/tr之类的命令模拟这些内容?

The dos2unix and unix2dos commands are not available on certain systems. How can I emulate these with commands like sed/awk/tr?

推荐答案

您可以使用tr从DOS转换为Unix.但是，只有在CR仅作为CRLF字节对的第一个字节出现在文件中的情况下，您才能安全地执行此操作.通常是这种情况.然后，您使用:

You can use tr to convert from DOS to Unix; however, you can only do this safely if CR appears in your file only as the first byte of a CRLF byte pair. This is usually the case. You then use:

tr -d '\015' <DOS-file >UNIX-file

请注意，名称DOS-file与名称UNIX-file不同；如果您尝试两次使用相同的名称，最终将导致文件中没有数据.

Note that the name DOS-file is different from the name UNIX-file; if you try to use the same name twice, you will end up with no data in the file.

您不能反过来(使用标准的"tr").

You can't do it the other way round (with standard 'tr').

如果您知道如何输入回车符，请返回脚本( control-V ， control-M 进入control-M)，然后:

If you know how to enter carriage return into a script (control-V, control-M to enter control-M), then:

sed 's/^M$//'     # DOS to Unix
sed 's/$/^M/'     # Unix to DOS

其中'^ M'是控制M字符.您还可以使用bash ANSI-C报价指定回车符的机制:

where the '^M' is the control-M character. You can also use the bash ANSI-C Quoting mechanism to specify the carriage return:

sed $'s/\r$//'     # DOS to Unix
sed $'s/$/\r/'     # Unix to DOS

但是，如果您不得不经常执行此操作(粗略地说，不止一次)，则安装转换程序要明智得多(例如 dtou 和 utod )并使用它们.

However, if you're going to have to do this very often (more than once, roughly speaking), it is far more sensible to install the conversion programs (e.g. dos2unix and unix2dos, or perhaps dtou and utod) and use them.

如果需要处理整个目录和子目录，可以使用zip:

If you need to process entire directories and subdirectories, you can use zip:

zip -r -ll zipfile.zip somedir/
unzip zipfile.zip

这将创建一个zip存档，其行尾从CRLF更改为CR. unzip然后将转换后的文件放回原处(并逐个文件询问您-您可以回答:是的对所有).感谢@vmsnomad指出了这一点.

This will create a zip archive with line endings changed from CRLF to CR. unzip will then put the converted files back in place (and ask you file by file - you can answer: Yes-to-all). Credits to @vmsnomad for pointing this out.

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