如何在Linux中监视整个目录树的更改? [英] How to monitor a complete directory tree for changes in Linux?

问题描述

如何监控整个目录树中Linux( ext3 文件系统)的变化?

How can I monitor a whole directory tree for changes in Linux (ext3 file system)?

当前目录在大约 3,000个子目录中包含大约半百万个文件，分为三个目录级别.

Currently the directory contains about half a million files in about 3,000 subdirectories, organized in three directory levels.

这些文件大多是小文件(<1kb，有的则是100 kb以下的文件).这是一种队列，我需要知道在发生这种情况的5-10秒内何时创建，删除文件或修改其内容.

Those are mostly small files (< 1kb, some few up to 100 kb). It's a sort of queue and I need to know when files are being created, deleted or their content modified within 5-10 seconds of that happening.

我知道有 intify 并进行排序，但是AFAIK它们仅监视单个目录，这意味着我需要3000个inotify句柄-比单个进程允许的通常1024个句柄更多.还是我错了?

I know there is inotify and sorts, but AFAIK they only monitor a single directory, which means I would need 3,000 inotify handles in my case - more than the usual 1024 handles allowed for a single process. Or am I wrong?

以防Linux系统无法告诉我我需要什么:也许有一个 FUSE 项目可以模拟一个文件系统(在真实文件系统上复制所有文件访问权限)并分别记录所有修改(无法进行修改)?

In case the Linux system can't tell me what I need: perhaps there is a FUSE project that simulates a file system (replicating all file accesses on a real file system) and separately logs all modifications (couldn't fine one)?

推荐答案

据我所知，除了在每个目录上递归设置inotify监视外，没有其他方法.

To my knowledge, there's no other way than recursively setting an inotify watch on each directory.

也就是说，您不会用完文件描述符，因为inotify不必保留fd来监视文件或目录(其前身dnotify确实受到此限制). inotify改为使用监视描述符".

That said, you won't run out of file descriptors because inotify does not have to reserve an fd to watch a file or a directory (its predecessor, dnotify, did suffer from this limitation). inotify uses "watch descriptors" instead.

根据 inotifywatch 的文档，默认限制为8192个监视描述符，您可以将其增加将新值写入/proc/sys/fs/inotify/max_user_watches.

According to the documentation for inotifywatch, the default limit is 8192 watch descriptors, and you can increase it by writing the new value to /proc/sys/fs/inotify/max_user_watches.

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