如何在python进程中限制内存使用 [英] How to limit memory usage within a python process

问题描述

我在具有16GB Ram和64位OS的Linux机器上运行Python 2.7.我编写的python脚本可能会将过多的数据加载到内存中，这使计算机的运行速度降低到我什至无法杀死进程的地步.

I run Python 2.7 on a Linux machine with 16GB Ram and 64 bit OS. A python script I wrote can load too much data into memory, which slows the machine down to the point where I cannot even kill the process any more.

虽然我可以通过以下方式限制内存:

While I can limit memory by calling:

ulimit -v 12000000

在运行脚本之前在我的shell中，我想在脚本本身中包含一个限制选项.我到处看的地方，resource模块被引用为具有与ulimit相同的功能.但是打电话:

in my shell before running the script, I'd like to include a limiting option in the script itself. Everywhere I looked, the resource module is cited as having the same power as ulimit. But calling:

import resource
_, hard = resource.getrlimit(resource.RLIMIT_DATA)
resource.setrlimit(resource.RLIMIT_DATA, (12000, hard))

在我的脚本开始时完全不执行任何操作.即使将值设置为低至12000，也不会使该过程崩溃.我尝试使用RLIMIT_STACK进行同样的操作，并且结果相同.奇怪的是，打电话:

at the beginning of my script does absolutely nothing. Even setting the value as low as 12000 never crashed the process. I tried the same with RLIMIT_STACK, as well with the same result. Curiously, calling:

import subprocess
subprocess.call('ulimit -v 12000', shell=True)

什么也没做.

我做错了什么?我在网上找不到任何实际用法示例.

What am I doing wrong? I couldn't find any actual usage examples online.

对于任何好奇的人，使用subprocess.call不起作用，因为它创建了一个(令人惊讶的惊喜！)新进程，该进程与当前python程序运行所在的进程无关.

edit: For anyone who is curious, using subprocess.call doesn't work because it creates a (surprise, surprise!) new process, which is independent of the one the current python program runs in.

推荐答案

resource.RLIMIT_VMEM 是与ulimit -v 对应的资源

resource.RLIMIT_VMEM is the resource corresponding to ulimit -v.

RLIMIT_DATA 仅影响brk/sbrk系统调用，而

RLIMIT_DATA only affects brk/sbrk system calls while newer memory managers tend to use mmap instead.

要注意的第二件事是 ulimit /

The second thing to note is that ulimit/setrlimit only affects the current process and its future children.

关于AttributeError: 'module' object has no attribute 'RLIMIT_VMEM'消息: resource模块文档提到了这种可能性:

Regarding the AttributeError: 'module' object has no attribute 'RLIMIT_VMEM' message: the resource module docs mention this possibility:

此模块不会尝试掩盖平台差异-符号 未针对平台定义的版本将无法通过以下模块使用 该平台.

This module does not attempt to mask platform differences — symbols not defined for a platform will not be available from this module on that platform.

根据链接的 bash ulimit源链接以上，如果未定义RLIMIT_VMEM，则使用RLIMIT_AS.

According to the bash ulimit source linked to above, it uses RLIMIT_AS if RLIMIT_VMEM is not defined.

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