使用Nginx记录已解析的请求 [英] Log parsed request with nginx

问题描述

如何为nginx设置自定义日志格式，以便解析请求并将其各个部分分别记录?

How to set a custom log format for nginx, so that request got parsed and its parts are logged separate?

我们提供图片文件来统计邮件的打开次数.图片的网址有所不同，但遵循以下规则:

We serve a picture file to count mail opens. The url to the picture varies, but follows the rule:

http://www.server.com/counter/XXXXX/YYYYY/dailymail.gif

XXXXX-电子邮件广告系列的ID； YYYYY-收件人ID.

XXXXX - id of email campaign; YYYYY - recipient id.

对于/counter位置有一个单独的日志，我想给出类似的格式

There's a separate log for /counter location, which I'd like to give a format like

XXXXX   YYYYY    DATETIME

位置部分看起来像

    location    ~* ^counter/([0-9]+)/([^/]+)/dailymail\.gif$ {
        access_log /var/log/mailopened.log
        alias /var/www/site.com/1x1.gif?cid=$1&uid=$2&type=daily;
    }

所以我在变量$ 1和$ 2中有值.如何以日志格式使用它们?

So I have the values in variables $1 and $2. How can I use them in the log format?

推荐答案

log_format指令仅在http级别允许，因此您必须根据其他变量(例如

log_format directive is allowed at http level only, so you have to define it in terms of other variables, e.g.

http {
  log_format tracking "$xxxx $yyyy $time_local";

稍后，在您所在的位置，只需设置以下变量并以tracking格式登录即可:

Later, in your location, just set these variables and log in tracking format:

location ~* ^counter/([0-9]+)/([^/]+)/dailymail\.gif$ {
  set $xxxx $1;
  set $yyyy $2;
  access_log /var/log/mailopened.log tracking;
  alias /var/www/site.com/1x1.gif?cid=$1&uid=$2&type=daily;
}

使用最新版本的Nginx和PCRE库，可以省略set调用，并在location中明确命名捕获(感谢@kolbyjack):

With recent versions of Nginx and PCRE library it's possible to omit set calls and name the captures explicitly in location (thanks to @kolbyjack):

location ~* ^counter/(?<xxxx>[0-9]+)/(?<yyyy>[^/]+)/dailymail\.gif$ {
  access_log /var/log/mailopened.log tracking;
  alias /var/www/site.com/1x1.gif?cid=$1&uid=$2&type=daily;
}

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