AI:开放世界参考解析中的部分统一 [英] AI: Partial Unification in Open-World Reference Resolution

问题描述

在对描述对话表达式语义的谓词进行引用解析时，由于在开放的世界中工作，我需要能够实现部分统一.

When performing reference resolution on predicates describing the semantics of dialogue expressions, I need to be able to allow for partial unification due to working in an open world.

例如，考虑以下情形:

您面前有一个蓝框. 我们使用id 3引用此蓝色框.

There is a blue box in front of you. We refer to this blue box using the id 3.

一组谓词box(x)^blue(x)可以轻松地解析为您所知道的蓝框.进行此查询将返回3

A set of predicates box(x)^blue(x) can easily resolve to the blue box you know about. Making this query will return 3

一组谓词ball(x)^yellow(x)不会解析为任何东西.很好.

A set of predicates ball(x)^yellow(x) will not resolve to anything. This is fine.

但是现在考虑ball(x)^yellow(x)^box(y)^blue(y)^behind(x,y) ，即蓝色框后面的黄色球.

我们不知道黄色的球，但是我们知道蓝色的球！当然，在已知的盒子后面可能没有球，而且正在谈论另一个盒子.但是我们很确定我们知道正在谈论什么盒子.

We don't know about a yellow ball, but we do know about a blue box! Of course it's possible that there's no ball behind the known box and that another box was being spoken of. But we're pretty sure we know what box is being talked about.

我正在一个概率框架内工作，在该框架中，我计算每组约束满足命题的概率；然后，参考解析过程将返回最可能的绑定的统一符/集合.不幸的是，在考虑behind(x,y)时，我的系统消除了3绑定到y的可能性，因为它不知道ID为3的盒子后面有任何黄色小球.

I am working within a probabilistic framework in which I calculate the probability of each set of bindings satisfying the set of propositions; the reference resolution process then returns the most likely unifier/set of bindings. Unfortunately, when considering behind(x,y), my system wipes out the probability of 3 being bound to y because it does not know of any yellow balls behind the box with id 3.

是否有一种方法可以对谓词进行 partial 统一，以便系统确定该语句最有可能的解决方案是y/3 x/?，即y绑定为3，x的标识为不知道吗?

Is there a way to do partial unification of predicates, so that the system determines that the most likely resolution of the statement is y/3 x/? i.e. y is bound to 3 and the identity of x is unknown?

推荐答案

一种临时解决方案(如果有人认为有更好的选择……请这么说！)

A tentative solution (if anyone thinks of something better... please say so!)

解析句子时，解析器可能能够确定某些实体比其他实体更容易扎根.在这句话中，盒子比球更容易接地.在句子片段the brother of the king's gardener中，兄弟的可能性最小，园丁的可能性更大，国王的可能性最大.

When parsing a sentence, the parser may be able to establish that certain entities are more likely to be grounded than others. In this sentence, the box is more likely to be grounded than the ball. In the sentence fragment the brother of the king's gardener, the brother is least likely known, the gardener is more likely, and the king is the most likely.

如果此信息反映在语义中或在语义旁边提供，则它们可以通知启发式方法，该方法可以在面对未解析的引用表达式时尝试假定提供的顺序中的引用未知，直到引用可以成功解析为止.

If this information is reflected in the semantics or provided alongside them, they can inform a heuristic which can, in the face of an unresolved referential expression, try assuming references unknown in the provided order until the reference is successfully resolvable.

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