如何在python中使用ctypes获取Windows窗口名称 [英] How to get Windows window names with ctypes in python
问题描述
我尝试通过带有长对象的句柄获取Windows窗口标题名称和pid.我的代码有效,但是有问题.当我应该获得10个或更多时,我只有4个窗口标题.谁能帮忙告诉我如何解决此代码?我认为问题出在我如何转换长对象(我不太了解它们以及一般的ctypes).
I try to get Windows window title names and pids through handles with long objects. My code works but there is something wrong with it. I get only 4 window titles when I should get 10 or more. Can anyone help and tell me how to fix this code? I think the problem is with how I convert long objects (I don't understand them too well, as well as ctypes in general).
from __future__ import print_function
from ctypes import *
psapi = windll.psapi
titles = []
# get window title from pid
def gwtfp():
max_array = c_ulong * 4096
pProcessIds = max_array()
pBytesReturned = c_ulong()
psapi.EnumProcesses(byref(pProcessIds),
sizeof(pProcessIds),
byref(pBytesReturned))
# get the number of returned processes
nReturned = pBytesReturned.value/sizeof(c_ulong())
pidProcessArray = [i for i in pProcessIds][:nReturned]
print(pidProcessArray)
#
EnumWindows = windll.user32.EnumWindows
EnumWindowsProc = WINFUNCTYPE(c_bool, POINTER(c_int), POINTER(c_int))
GetWindowText = windll.user32.GetWindowTextW
GetWindowTextLength = windll.user32.GetWindowTextLengthW
IsWindowVisible = windll.user32.IsWindowVisible
for process in pidProcessArray:
#print("Process PID %d" % process)
if IsWindowVisible(process):
length = GetWindowTextLength(process)
buff = create_unicode_buffer(length + 1)
GetWindowText(process, buff, length + 1)
titles.append(buff.value)
gwtfp()
print(titles)
推荐答案
您正在将进程ID传递给带有窗口句柄的函数.您要做的是枚举顶级窗口的句柄,然后将每个窗口映射到一个进程ID.
You're passing a process ID to functions that take a window handle. What you want to do is enumerate handles for the top-level windows and then map each window to a process ID.
首先让我们定义ctypes函数原型,以对函数参数进行正确的类型检查.另外,使用use_last_error=True
通过ctypes.get_last_error
获得最安全的错误处理.许多Windows函数都会因错误而返回0,因此在这种情况下只有一个errcheck
函数(例如check_zero
)很方便.
First lets define the ctypes function prototypes to get proper type checking on function arguments. Also, use use_last_error=True
to get the safest error handling via ctypes.get_last_error
. A lot of Windows functions return 0 for an error, so it's convenient to have a single errcheck
function for this case, such as check_zero
.
from __future__ import print_function
import ctypes
from ctypes import wintypes
from collections import namedtuple
user32 = ctypes.WinDLL('user32', use_last_error=True)
def check_zero(result, func, args):
if not result:
err = ctypes.get_last_error()
if err:
raise ctypes.WinError(err)
return args
if not hasattr(wintypes, 'LPDWORD'): # PY2
wintypes.LPDWORD = ctypes.POINTER(wintypes.DWORD)
WindowInfo = namedtuple('WindowInfo', 'pid title')
WNDENUMPROC = ctypes.WINFUNCTYPE(
wintypes.BOOL,
wintypes.HWND, # _In_ hWnd
wintypes.LPARAM,) # _In_ lParam
user32.EnumWindows.errcheck = check_zero
user32.EnumWindows.argtypes = (
WNDENUMPROC, # _In_ lpEnumFunc
wintypes.LPARAM,) # _In_ lParam
user32.IsWindowVisible.argtypes = (
wintypes.HWND,) # _In_ hWnd
user32.GetWindowThreadProcessId.restype = wintypes.DWORD
user32.GetWindowThreadProcessId.argtypes = (
wintypes.HWND, # _In_ hWnd
wintypes.LPDWORD,) # _Out_opt_ lpdwProcessId
user32.GetWindowTextLengthW.errcheck = check_zero
user32.GetWindowTextLengthW.argtypes = (
wintypes.HWND,) # _In_ hWnd
user32.GetWindowTextW.errcheck = check_zero
user32.GetWindowTextW.argtypes = (
wintypes.HWND, # _In_ hWnd
wintypes.LPWSTR, # _Out_ lpString
ctypes.c_int,) # _In_ nMaxCount
这里是列出可见窗口的功能.它使用的是对result
的关闭的回调,而不是使用可选的lParam
参数.后者将需要转换参数.使用闭包更为简单.
Here's a function to list the visible windows. It uses a callback that's a closure over result
instead of using the optional lParam
argument. The latter would require casting the argument. Using a closure is simpler.
def list_windows():
'''Return a sorted list of visible windows.'''
result = []
@WNDENUMPROC
def enum_proc(hWnd, lParam):
if user32.IsWindowVisible(hWnd):
pid = wintypes.DWORD()
tid = user32.GetWindowThreadProcessId(
hWnd, ctypes.byref(pid))
length = user32.GetWindowTextLengthW(hWnd) + 1
title = ctypes.create_unicode_buffer(length)
user32.GetWindowTextW(hWnd, title, length)
result.append(WindowInfo(pid.value, title.value))
return True
user32.EnumWindows(enum_proc, 0)
return sorted(result)
为完整性起见,这是一个列出所有进程ID的功能.这包括属于其他Windows会话的进程(例如,会话0中的服务).
For completeness, here's a function to list all process IDs. This includes processes that belong to other Windows sessions (e.g. services in session 0).
psapi = ctypes.WinDLL('psapi', use_last_error=True)
psapi.EnumProcesses.errcheck = check_zero
psapi.EnumProcesses.argtypes = (
wintypes.LPDWORD, # _Out_ pProcessIds
wintypes.DWORD, # _In_ cb
wintypes.LPDWORD,) # _Out_ pBytesReturned
def list_pids():
'''Return sorted list of process IDs.'''
length = 4096
PID_SIZE = ctypes.sizeof(wintypes.DWORD)
while True:
pids = (wintypes.DWORD * length)()
cb = ctypes.sizeof(pids)
cbret = wintypes.DWORD()
psapi.EnumProcesses(pids, cb, ctypes.byref(cbret))
if cbret.value < cb:
length = cbret.value // PID_SIZE
return sorted(pids[:length])
length *= 2
例如:
if __name__ == '__main__':
print('Process IDs:')
print(*list_pids(), sep='\n')
print('\nWindows:')
print(*list_windows(), sep='\n')
MSDN链接:
-
EnumWindows
-
IsWindowVisible
-
GetWindowThreadProcessId
-
GetWindowTextLength
-
GetWindowText
-
EnumProcesses
EnumWindows
IsWindowVisible
GetWindowThreadProcessId
GetWindowTextLength
GetWindowText
EnumProcesses
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