Python NLTK pos_tag未返回正确的词性标签 [英] Python NLTK pos_tag not returning the correct part-of-speech tag

问题描述

具有:

text = word_tokenize("The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog")

正在运行:

nltk.pos_tag(text)

我得到:

[('The', 'DT'), ('quick', 'NN'), ('brown', 'NN'), ('fox', 'NN'), ('jumps', 'NNS'), ('over', 'IN'), ('the', 'DT'), ('lazy', 'NN'), ('dog', 'NN')]

这是不正确的.句子中quick brown lazy的标签应为:

This is incorrect. The tags for quick brown lazy in the sentence should be:

('quick', 'JJ'), ('brown', 'JJ') , ('lazy', 'JJ')

通过其在线工具进行测试，结果相同. quick，brown和fox应该是形容词而不是名词.

Testing this through their online tool gives the same result; quick, brown and fox should be adjectives not nouns.

推荐答案

简而言之:

NLTK并不完美.实际上，没有任何模型是完美的.

NLTK is not perfect. In fact, no model is perfect.

注意:

从NLTK版本3.1开始，默认的pos_tag函数不再是

As of NLTK version 3.1, default pos_tag function is no longer the old MaxEnt English pickle.

现在是

>>> import inspect
>>> print inspect.getsource(pos_tag)
def pos_tag(tokens, tagset=None):
    tagger = PerceptronTagger()
    return _pos_tag(tokens, tagset, tagger) 

还是更好，但还不完美:

Still it's better but not perfect:

>>> from nltk import pos_tag
>>> pos_tag("The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog".split())
[('The', 'DT'), ('quick', 'JJ'), ('brown', 'NN'), ('fox', 'NN'), ('jumps', 'VBZ'), ('over', 'IN'), ('the', 'DT'), ('lazy', 'JJ'), ('dog', 'NN')]

在某些时候，如果有人想要TL;DR解决方案，请参见 https://github.com/alvations/nltk_cli

At some point, if someone wants TL;DR solutions, see https://github.com/alvations/nltk_cli

很久:

尝试使用其他标记器(请参见 https://github.com /nltk/nltk/tree/develop/nltk/tag )，例如:

Try using other tagger (see https://github.com/nltk/nltk/tree/develop/nltk/tag) , e.g.:

• HunPos
• 斯坦福POS
• 塞纳

使用NLTK中的默认MaxEnt POS标记器，即nltk.pos_tag :

Using default MaxEnt POS tagger from NLTK, i.e. nltk.pos_tag:

>>> from nltk import word_tokenize, pos_tag
>>> text = "The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog"
>>> pos_tag(word_tokenize(text))
[('The', 'DT'), ('quick', 'NN'), ('brown', 'NN'), ('fox', 'NN'), ('jumps', 'NNS'), ('over', 'IN'), ('the', 'DT'), ('lazy', 'NN'), ('dog', 'NN')]

使用斯坦福POS标记器:

$ cd ~
$ wget http://nlp.stanford.edu/software/stanford-postagger-2015-04-20.zip
$ unzip stanford-postagger-2015-04-20.zip
$ mv stanford-postagger-2015-04-20 stanford-postagger
$ python
>>> from os.path import expanduser
>>> home = expanduser("~")
>>> from nltk.tag.stanford import POSTagger
>>> _path_to_model = home + '/stanford-postagger/models/english-bidirectional-distsim.tagger'
>>> _path_to_jar = home + '/stanford-postagger/stanford-postagger.jar'
>>> st = POSTagger(path_to_model=_path_to_model, path_to_jar=_path_to_jar)
>>> text = "The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog"
>>> st.tag(text.split())
[(u'The', u'DT'), (u'quick', u'JJ'), (u'brown', u'JJ'), (u'fox', u'NN'), (u'jumps', u'VBZ'), (u'over', u'IN'), (u'the', u'DT'), (u'lazy', u'JJ'), (u'dog', u'NN')]

使用HunPOS (注意:默认编码是ISO-8859-1而不是UTF8):

Using HunPOS (NOTE: the default encoding is ISO-8859-1 not UTF8):

$ cd ~
$ wget https://hunpos.googlecode.com/files/hunpos-1.0-linux.tgz
$ tar zxvf hunpos-1.0-linux.tgz
$ wget https://hunpos.googlecode.com/files/en_wsj.model.gz
$ gzip -d en_wsj.model.gz 
$ mv en_wsj.model hunpos-1.0-linux/
$ python
>>> from os.path import expanduser
>>> home = expanduser("~")
>>> from nltk.tag.hunpos import HunposTagger
>>> _path_to_bin = home + '/hunpos-1.0-linux/hunpos-tag'
>>> _path_to_model = home + '/hunpos-1.0-linux/en_wsj.model'
>>> ht = HunposTagger(path_to_model=_path_to_model, path_to_bin=_path_to_bin)
>>> text = "The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog"
>>> ht.tag(text.split())
[('The', 'DT'), ('quick', 'JJ'), ('brown', 'JJ'), ('fox', 'NN'), ('jumps', 'NNS'), ('over', 'IN'), ('the', 'DT'), ('lazy', 'JJ'), ('dog', 'NN')]

使用Senna (确保您使用的是最新版本的NLTK，并且对API进行了一些更改):

Using Senna (Make sure you've the latest version of NLTK, there were some changes made to the API):

$ cd ~
$ wget http://ronan.collobert.com/senna/senna-v3.0.tgz
$ tar zxvf senna-v3.0.tgz
$ python
>>> from os.path import expanduser
>>> home = expanduser("~")
>>> from nltk.tag.senna import SennaTagger
>>> st = SennaTagger(home+'/senna')
>>> text = "The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog"
>>> st.tag(text.split())
[('The', u'DT'), ('quick', u'JJ'), ('brown', u'JJ'), ('fox', u'NN'), ('jumps', u'VBZ'), ('over', u'IN'), ('the', u'DT'), ('lazy', u'JJ'), ('dog', u'NN')]

---

或者尝试构建更好的POS标记器:

• Ngram Tagger: http: //streamhacker.com/2008/11/03/part-of-speech-tagging-with-nltk-part-1/
• Affix/Regex Tagger: http://streamhacker.com/2008/11/10/part-of-speech-tagging-with-nltk-part-2/
• 构建自己的Brill(阅读代码，这是一个非常有趣的标记器， http: //www.nltk.org/_modules/nltk/tag/brill.html )，请参见 http://scm.io/blog/hack/2015/02/lda-intentions/

• Ngram Tagger: http://streamhacker.com/2008/11/03/part-of-speech-tagging-with-nltk-part-1/
• Affix/Regex Tagger: http://streamhacker.com/2008/11/10/part-of-speech-tagging-with-nltk-part-2/
• Build Your Own Brill (Read the code it's a pretty fun tagger, http://www.nltk.org/_modules/nltk/tag/brill.html), see http://streamhacker.com/2008/12/03/part-of-speech-tagging-with-nltk-part-3/
• Perceptron Tagger: https://honnibal.wordpress.com/2013/09/11/a-good-part-of-speechpos-tagger-in-about-200-lines-of-python/
• LDA Tagger: http://scm.io/blog/hack/2015/02/lda-intentions/

有关堆栈溢出的pos_tag精度的投诉包括:

Complains about pos_tag accuracy on stackoverflow include:

• POS标记-NLTK认为名词是形容词
• python NLTK POS标记器的行为不正常
• 如何使用NLTK pos标签获得更好的结果
• NLTK中的pos_tag无法正确标记句子

• POS tagging - NLTK thinks noun is adjective
• python NLTK POS tagger not behaving as expected
• How to obtain better results using NLTK pos tag
• pos_tag in NLTK does not tag sentences correctly

有关NLTK HunPos的问题:

• 如何在nltk中用hunpos标记文本文件? /a>
• 有人知道如何在nltk上配置hunpos包装器类?

NLTK和斯坦福POS标记器的问题包括:

• 无法将斯坦福pos标记器导入到nltk
• NLTK Stanford POS Tagger中的Java命令失败
• 在NLTK Python中使用Stanford POS Tagger时出错
• 如何使用Stanford NLP Tagger和NLTK
• Nltk stanford pos标记器错误:Java命令失败
• 在NLTK中实例化和使用StanfordTagger
• 正在运行NLTK中的Stanford POS标记器导致不是有效的Win32应用程序".在Windows上

• trouble importing stanford pos tagger into nltk
• Java Command Fails in NLTK Stanford POS Tagger
• Error using Stanford POS Tagger in NLTK Python
• How to improve speed with Stanford NLP Tagger and NLTK
• Nltk stanford pos tagger error : Java command failed
• Instantiating and using StanfordTagger within NLTK
• Running Stanford POS tagger in NLTK leads to "not a valid Win32 application" on Windows

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