从大型机到Excel的数据提取 [英] Data extraction from mainframe to excel
问题描述
如何将大型机中的数据提取到excel中?目前，我正在从MS访问中获取数据，但要求是针对大型机的. 预先感谢
how to extract the data from mainframe into excel? Currently , I am fetching data from MS access but the requirements are for Mainframe. Thanks in advance
推荐答案
首先，请理解说从大型机提取数据"与说从英特尔提取数据"相似.以下内容并不全面，但旨在提供一种如何可以有意义地回答您的问题的想法.
First, please understand that saying "extract data from mainframe" is similar to saying "extract data from Intel." The following is not comprehensive but is intended to provide an idea of how to ask your question in a manner which can be meaningfully answered.
请理解...之间有很大的区别
Please understand there is a big difference between...
- 技术上可行的可能性
- 商店允许的物品
- 根据您的要求，有什么可能提供健壮且可维护的解决方案
这是三件事.我们中有些在Stack Overflow上回答问题的人具有生活经历，这些经历使我们对在没有提及您的商店所允许的内容或要解决的实际业务需求的情况下回答技术上可能存在的问题保持沉默.
These are three very different things. Some of us answering questions here on Stack Overflow have life experiences that make us reticent about answering questions regarding what is technically possible absent any mention of what is allowed in your shop or what the actual business requirement is that is being solved.
大型机已经存在了半个多世纪，许多商店都有针对技术问题的标准解决方案.有时解决方案是不要这样做，而这是我们 所做的."违反技术人员的建议或您的商店标准是职业上的限制.
Mainframes have been around for over half a century, and many shops have standard solutions to technical problems. Sometimes the solution is "don't do that, and here's what we do instead." Working against the recommendations of your technical staff, or your shop standards, is career limiting.
z/OS 在大型机上是常用的，但是确实存在一些商店仍在运行它的祖先之一，例如MVS/XA.大型机操作系统的历史可以追溯到1965年首次提供OS/360.
z/OS is in common use on mainframes, but there do exist shops that still run one of its ancestors like MVS/XA. The mainframe operating system traces its roots back to OS/360 first available in 1965.
z/TPF
z/Linux 通常运行在 z/VM 虚拟机管理程序之上.
z/Linux usually runs on top of the z/VM hypervisor.
z/VSE
QSAM 或排队顺序访问方法，通常也称为平面文件.
QSAM or Queued Sequential Access Method, also commonly called flat files.
VSAM 或虚拟顺序访问方法.有几种不同的VSAM文件，包括 KSDS (键控顺序数据集) ESDS (条目顺序数据集)， RRDS (相对记录数据)设置)和 Linear (概念上类似于内存映射文件).
VSAM or Virtual Sequential Access Method. There are several different kinds of VSAM files including KSDS (Keyed Sequential Data Set) ESDS (Entry Sequenced Data Set), RRDS (Relative Record Data Set) and Linear (conceptually similar to a memory mapped file).
DBMS (例如 DB2 或 IMS ). DBMS通常具有提取功能，以允许从其内部格式写入平面文件.例如，DB2将数据存储在Linear VSAM数据集中.
a DBMS like DB2 or IMS. A DBMS typically has extract facilities to allow writing a flat file from its own internal format. DB2, for example, stores data in Linear VSAM datasets.
Unix系统服务文件与QSAM或VSAM驻留在不同的文件系统中.这将更加熟悉，因为它具有传统的z/OS文件系统没有的目录结构.
Unix System Services files reside in a different file system than QSAM or VSAM. This will be more familiar, as it has a directory structure where the classic z/OS file system has none.
大型机数据通常在单个记录中同时包含文本和二进制数据，例如名称和货币金额:
It is common for mainframe data to include both text and binary data in a single record, for example a name and a currency amount:
Hopper Grace ar%
...应该是...
...which would be...
x'C8969797859940404040C799818385404040404081996C'
...以十六进制表示.这是代码页37，通常称为EBCDIC.
...in hex. This is code page 37, commonly referred to as EBCDIC.
在不知道姓氏限于前10个字节的情况下，给定名称将其后的10个字节限制的情况，并且在接下来的3个字节中，货币金额以打包的十进制数(也称为二进制编码的十进制数)表示，无法正确传输数据，因为代码页转换将破坏+819.96的货币量.转换为通常在Microsoft Windows上使用的代码页1250，您最终会得到...
Without knowing that the family name is confined to the first 10 bytes, the given name confined the the subsequent 10 bytes, and the currency amount is in packed decimal (also known as binary coded decimal) in the next 3 bytes, you cannot accurately transfer the data because code page conversion will destroy the currency amount which is +819.96. Converting to code page 1250, commonly in use on Microsoft Windows, you would end up with...
x'486F707065722020202047726163652020202020617225'
...翻译文本数据但打包数据被销毁的地方.打包的数据在最后的半字节(最后一个字节的下半部分)中不再具有有效的符号，并且数量本身已被更改.
...where the text data is translated but the packed data is destroyed. The packed data no longer has a valid sign in the last nibble (the lower half of the last byte) and the amount itself has been changed.
您希望访问的数据是否受到隐私法规的保护?您可能必须提供一些证据，说明已经采取了何种保护措施，以确保一旦将数据从主机中转移出去，也只有授权人员才能访问主机上的此数据.此类担保可能必须使审计师满意.
Is the data you wish to access covered by privacy legislation? You may have to provide some evidence that whatever protections are in place to guarantee that only authorized personnel have access to this data on the mainframe are also in place once you have transferred it off of the mainframe. Such guarantees may have to satisfy an auditor.
您需要知道哪种操作系统可以保存您的数据，您需要知道哪种类型的文件可以保存您的数据(DBMS不是文件类型，但是现在让我们继续吧)，并且您需要知道自己的数据.记录布局.
You need to know what operating system holds your data, you need to know what type of file holds your data (a DBMS isn't a type of file but let's let that go for now), and you need to know your record layout(s).
通常，检索数据的简单方法是从现有数据存储(QSAM，VSAM，DBMS)中提取数据到平面文件中，其中所有数据均为文本格式. 有大型机实用程序可以完成此任务.在极端情况下，可以编写一个程序来实现此目标.一旦完成，您就可以传输数据而不必担心破坏打包或二进制数据.
Typically, the easy way to retrieve data is to extract it from its existing data store (QSAM, VSAM, DBMS) into a flat file where all the data is in a text format. There are mainframe utilities to accomplish this. In extreme cases, a program can be written to accomplish this goal. Once it has been accomplished, you can transfer your data without fear of destroying packed or binary data.
如果您的数据驻留在这里，则可以直接从DBMS读取数据，但这可能取决于商店的标准，包括安全性.
You may be able to read data directly from a DBMS if that's where your data resides, but this may depend on shop standards, including security.
现代大型机可以通过FTP，FTPS和SFTP传输数据.在您的商店中推荐哪种建议是要问技术人员的.
Modern mainframes can transfer data via FTP, FTPS, and SFTP. Which is recommended in your shop is something to ask your technical staff.
这篇关于从大型机到Excel的数据提取的文章就介绍到这了，希望我们推荐的答案对大家有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持IT屋！
