如何使我的应用程序独立于其位置链接库? [英] How can I make my application to link libraries independent of its location?

问题描述

我已经建立了一个共享库(即libabc.so)和一个使用我的共享库的可执行文件(即myapp).我已经将共享库和可执行文件都放在了文件系统中，但是当我运行可执行文件时，它会出现以下错误

I have built a shared library (i.e libabc.so) and an executable (i.e myapp) which uses my shared library. I have placed both the shared library and my executable in my filesystem but when I run my executable it gives me the following error

error while loading shared libraries: <target_lib_path>/<mylib>.so cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory.

现在，我的开发环境是在构建共享库后将另一个目标文件系统放置在~/targetfs上，然后将其安装在~/targetfs/usr/local/abc/lib中.在链接我的应用程序期间，我给它

Now my dev environment is I have a different target filesystem which is placed at ~/targetfs after building my shared library I am installing it in ~/targetfs/usr/local/abc/lib. During linking my application I give it

LDFLAGS += -L~/targetfs/usr/local/abc/lib 

我的应用程序构建良好.但是，当我在~/targetfs是我的文件系统的环境中运行我的应用程序时，我的应用程序会抱怨 加载共享库时出错:

My application builds fine. But when I run my application in an environment where ~/targetfs is my filesystem, then my application complains error while loading shared libraries:

/home/user/targetfs/usr/local/abc/lib/libabc.so: can not open shared object file. No such file or directory exist.

现在，当然，我的应用程序正在搜索不存在的共享库的路径，但是我希望我的应用程序独立于该路径，而应该在/lib，/usr/lib中寻找我的共享库. ，/usr/local/lib或LD_LIBRARY_PATH位置.

Now, of course the path my application is searching for the shared library that does not exist, but I want my application to be independent of this path, rather it should look for my shared library in /lib, /usr/lib, /usr/local/lib or LD_LIBRARY_PATH location.

如何使我的应用程序独立于其位置链接库?

How can I make my application to link libraries independent of its location?

我的共享库的文件&申请如下.

Makefiles for my shared library & application is given below.

--------------共享库Makefile. (忽略不必要的信息)

-------------- Shared library makefile. (Omitting un-necessary info)

CC              = $(CROSS_COMPILE)gcc
CFLAGS          = -Wall -shared -fpic
LDFLAGS         = -Xlinker --gc-sections --allow-shlib-undefined
LIBRARY         = libabc.so
OBJ_DIR         = obj
SRC_DIR         = src
CHK_DIR_EXISTS  = test -d
MKDIR           = mkdir -p

# Project Source Files
C_SOURCES += $(SRC_DIR)/abc.c
OBJECTS   += $(OBJ_DIR)/abc.o
INCLUDES  += -Iinc                               
$(LIBRARY): $(OBJECTS)
    @echo ""
    @echo "Linking..." $(LIBRARY)
    @$(CC) $(CFLAGS) $(LDFLAGS) $(OBJECTS) -o $(OBJ_DIR)/$(LIBRARY) 

----------应用程序Makefile(省略不必要的信息)

---------- Application Makefile (Omitting un-necessary info)

LDFLAGS += $(TARGETFS)/usr/local/abc/lib/libabc.so           \
       -lpthread -lrt

任何人都在想我的Makefile中缺少什么.

Any thoughts what's missing in my Makefiles.

推荐答案

您可以要求链接器将多个搜索路径放入二进制文件中.您可以使用-Wl，rpath = ...选项介绍这些搜索路径.

You can ask the linker to put multiple search paths into the binary. You introduce those search paths with the -Wl,rpath=... option.

gcc -o abc abc.c 
-L~/targetfs/usr/local/abc/lib 
-labc 
-Wl,-rpath=/usr/local/abc/lib 
-Wl,-rpath=...
-Wl,-rpath=...

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