如何使用字符映射表替换字符串中的字符? [英] How do I replace characters in a string using a character map?

问题描述

我提供了一个字符串，并将其与字典键匹配；如果键和字符串匹配，我将打印字典值.

I provide a string and match it with dictionary keys; if the key and string match I print the dictionary values.

def to_rna(dna_input):
    dna_rna = {'A':'U', 'C':'G', 'G':'C', 'T':'A'}
    rna = []
    for key in dna_rna.iterkeys():
        if key in dna_input:
            rna.append(dna_rna[key])
    print "".join(rna)

to_rna("ACGTGGTCTTAA") #the string input

问题:

结果应该是" UGCACCAGAAUU "，但我得到的只是" UGAC ".问题似乎是我在字符串中有重复的字符，循环忽略了这一点.如何遍历字典，以便它与找到dict键一样多次返回字典值?

Problem:

The result should be 'UGCACCAGAAUU' but all I get is 'UGAC'. The problem appears to be that I have duplicate characters in the string and the loop is ignoring this. How do I loop through the dictionary so that it returns the dictionary value as many times as the dict key is found?

推荐答案

如果要为dna_input中的每个字符输出一个字符，则需要遍历dna_input中的字符.请注意，get()函数为不在词典中的字符提供默认设置.我什么也没替换，如果需要的话，您可以在此处放置n或X.

If you want to output a character for every character in dna_input you need to iterate over character in dna_input. Note that the get() function provides a default for characters that aren't in your dictionary. I am replacing with nothing, if desired you could put an n here, or an X.

rna.append(dna_rna.get(char, 'n'))

您的代码仅迭代dna_rna词典中的4个条目.

Your code was only iterating over the 4 entries in the dna_rna dictionary.

def to_rna(dna_input):
    dna_rna = {'A':'U', 'C':'G', 'G':'C', 'T':'A'}
    rna = []
    for char in dna_input:
        rna.append(dna_rna.get(char, ''))
    print "".join(rna)

to_rna("ACGTGGTCTTAA") #the string input

但是，这不是翻译字符串的最有效方法.

However, this isn't the most efficient way to translate a string.

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