使用MASM32在装配中随机化数字 [英] Randomizing Numbers in Assembly with MASM32
本文介绍了使用MASM32在装配中随机化数字的处理方法，对大家解决问题具有一定的参考价值，需要的朋友们下面随着小编来一起学习吧！
问题描述
如何使用带有Masm32的Assembly随机分配数字?我可以用来创建随机数生成器吗?
How can I randomize a number using Assembly with Masm32? What can I use to create a random numbers generator?
非常感谢！
推荐答案
使用MASM32获取随机数
MASM32 SDK 附带了一些实现随机生成器的示例.出于自己的目的使用它们并不是最坏的主意.以下示例仅是示例，并且在错误处理中尤其缺乏.这些示例生成并产生[0..11]范围内的30个随机数.
Get random numbers with MASM32
The MASM32 SDK comes with some examples which implement random generators. It isn't the worst idea to use them for own purposes. The following examples are just examples and lack - among others - in an error handling. The examples generate and produce 30 random numbers in the range [0..11].
A 线性同余生成器，其中a = 134775813和b = c(例如Delphi) )位于 \ masm32 \ examples \ exampl03 \ lcd \ lcd.asm 中.
A linear congruential generator with a=134775813 and b=c (like Delphi) is in \masm32\examples\exampl03\lcd\lcd.asm.
.686
.MODEL flat, STDCALL
INCLUDE kernel32.inc ; GetStdHandle, WriteFile, ExitProcess
INCLUDELIB kernel32.lib
INCLUDE user32.inc ; wsprintf
INCLUDELIB user32.lib
NumberOfNumbers = 30 ; Number of random numbers to be generated and shown
RangeOfNumbers = 12 ; Range of the random numbers (0..RangeOfNumbers-1)
.DATA
RandSeed dd ?
.CODE
PseudoRandom PROC ; Deliver EAX: Range (0..EAX-1)
push edx ; Preserve EDX
imul edx,RandSeed,08088405H ; EDX = RandSeed * 0x08088405 (decimal 134775813)
inc edx
mov RandSeed, edx ; New RandSeed
mul edx ; EDX:EAX = EAX * EDX
mov eax, edx ; Return the EDX from the multiplication
pop edx ; Restore EDX
ret
ret
PseudoRandom ENDP ; Return EAX: Random number in range
main PROC
rdtsc
mov RandSeed, eax ; Initialize random generator
mov ecx, NumberOfNumbers ; Loop counter - show ECX random numbers
LL1:
push ecx ; Preserve loop counter
mov eax, RangeOfNumbers ; Range (0..RangeOfNumbers-1)
call PseudoRandom
call write_number ; printf ("%u ", EAX)
pop ecx ; Restore loop counter
loop LL1
invoke ExitProcess, 0
main ENDP
write_number PROC STDCALL USES ebx ; printf ("%u ", EAX)
LOCAL numstring[12]:BYTE, NumberOfBytesWritten:DWORD
.CONST
fmt db "%u ",0
.CODE
invoke wsprintf, ADDR numstring, ADDR fmt, eax
mov ebx, eax ; Preserve result - count of written bytes
invoke GetStdHandle, -11 ; Get STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE
mov edx, eax ; EAX will be used by the following INVOKE
invoke WriteFile, edx, ADDR numstring, ebx, ADDR NumberOfBytesWritten, 0
ret
write_number ENDP
END main
在 \ masm32 \ examples \ exampl04 \ pascal中可以找到 XORshifter \ pascal.asm .
A XORshifter can be found in \masm32\examples\exampl04\pascal\pascal.asm.
.686
.MODEL flat, STDCALL
INCLUDE kernel32.inc ; GetStdHandle, WriteFile, ExitProcess
INCLUDELIB kernel32.lib
INCLUDE user32.inc ; wsprintf
INCLUDELIB user32.lib
NumberOfNumbers = 30 ; Number of random numbers to be generated and shown
RangeOfNumbers = 12 ; Range of the random numbers (0..RangeOfNumbers-1)
.CODE
Rnd3Bit Proc ; This procedure generates up to 20 random bits (EAX=0..20).
.DATA
RndInit dd 0A2F59C2Eh
.CODE
mov edx,RndInit
rl: rol edx, 1
jnc rs
xor edx, 0Ah
rs: dec eax
jne rl
mov eax, edx
rcr edx, 1
mov RndInit, edx
ret
Rnd3Bit EndP
main PROC
rdtsc ; Any number for the first seed
test eax, eax ; EAX == 0?
setz dl ; DL=1 if EAX==0, DL=0 if EAX>0
or eax, edx ; Not 0 under any circumstances
mov RndInit, eax ; Reinitialize random generator
mov ecx, NumberOfNumbers ; Loop counter - show ECX random numbers
LL1:
push ecx ; Preserve loop counter
mov eax, 20 ; Amount of bits
call Rnd3Bit
and eax, 11111111111111111111b ; 20 bits set = 1048575
mov ecx, RangeOfNumbers ; Range (0..RangeOfNumbers-1)
xor edx, edx ; Needed for DIV
div ecx ; EDX:EAX/ECX -> EAX remainder EDX
mov eax, edx ; Get the remainder
call write_number ; printf ("%u ", EAX)
pop ecx ; Restore loop counter
loop LL1
invoke ExitProcess, 0
main ENDP
write_number PROC STDCALL USES ebx ; printf ("%u ", EAX)
LOCAL numstring[12]:BYTE, NumberOfBytesWritten:DWORD
.CONST
fmt db "%u ",0
.CODE
invoke wsprintf, ADDR numstring, ADDR fmt, eax
mov ebx, eax ; Preserve count of written bytes
invoke GetStdHandle, -11 ; Get STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE
mov edx, eax ; EAX will be used by the following INVOKE
invoke WriteFile, edx, ADDR numstring, ebx, ADDR NumberOfBytesWritten, 0
ret
write_number ENDP
END main
公园- Miller-Algorithm 用于 \ masm32 \ examples \ exampl05 \ rpg \ rpg.asm
.686
.MODEL flat, STDCALL
INCLUDE kernel32.inc ; GetStdHandle, WriteFile, ExitProcess
INCLUDELIB kernel32.lib
INCLUDE user32.inc ; wsprintf
INCLUDELIB user32.lib
NumberOfNumbers = 30 ; Number of random numbers to be generated and shown
RangeOfNumbers = 12 ; Range of the random numbers (0..RangeOfNumbers-1)
.DATA
rseed dd 0
range dd 0
.CODE
nrandom PROC
; ------------------
; NaN's nrandom algo (Park Miller random algorithm)
; ------------------
lpstart:
mov eax, rseed
test eax, 80000000h
jz @F
add eax, 7FFFFFFFh
@@:
xor edx, edx
mov ecx, 127773
div ecx
mov ecx, eax
mov eax, 16807
mul edx
mov edx, ecx
mov ecx, eax
mov eax, 2836
mul edx
sub ecx, eax
xor edx, edx
mov eax, ecx
mov rseed, ecx
div range
mov eax, edx ; Write DWORD result to return register
add rseed, 1 ; New value to rseed
ret
nrandom ENDP
main PROC
rdtsc
mov rseed, eax ; Reinitialize random generator
mov ecx, NumberOfNumbers ; Loop counter - show ECX random numbers
LL1:
push ecx ; Preserve loop counter
mov range, RangeOfNumbers ; Range (0..RangeOfNumbers-1)
call nrandom
call write_number ; printf ("%u ", EAX)
pop ecx ; Restore loop counter
loop LL1
invoke ExitProcess, 0
main ENDP
write_number PROC STDCALL USES ebx ; printf ("%u ", EAX)
LOCAL numstring[12]:BYTE, NumberOfBytesWritten:DWORD
.CONST
fmt db "%u ",0
.CODE
invoke wsprintf, ADDR numstring, ADDR fmt, eax
mov ebx, eax ; Preserve count of written bytes
invoke GetStdHandle, -11 ; Get STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE
mov edx, eax ; EAX will be used by the following INVOKE
invoke WriteFile, edx, ADDR numstring, ebx, ADDR NumberOfBytesWritten, 0
ret
write_number ENDP
END main
\ masm32 \ examples \ exampl07 \ shuflarr \ sa.asm 使用内置在nrandom中的MASM32.源代码位于 \ masm32 \ m32lib \ nrand.asm 中.与上面的Park-Miller-Algorithm相同.
\masm32\examples\exampl07\shuflarr\sa.asm uses the MASM32 built in nrandom. The source code is located in \masm32\m32lib\nrand.asm. It's the same Park-Miller-Algorithm as above.
.686
.MODEL flat, STDCALL
OPTION casemap:none
INCLUDE kernel32.inc ; GetStdHandle, WriteFile, ExitProcess
INCLUDELIB kernel32.lib
INCLUDE user32.inc ; wsprintf
INCLUDELIB user32.lib
INCLUDE masm32.inc ; nseed, nrandom
INCLUDELIB masm32.lib
NumberOfNumbers = 30 ; Number of random numbers to be generated and shown
RangeOfNumbers = 12 ; Range of the random numbers (0..RangeOfNumbers-1)
.CODE
main PROC
rdtsc
invoke nseed, eax ; Initialize nrandom_seed
mov ecx, NumberOfNumbers ; Loop counter - show ECX random numbers
LL1:
push ecx ; Preserve loop counter
invoke nrandom, RangeOfNumbers ; Range (0..RangeOfNumbers-1)
call write_number ; printf ("%u ", EAX)
pop ecx ; Restore loop counter
loop LL1
invoke ExitProcess, 0
main ENDP
write_number PROC STDCALL USES ebx ; printf ("%u ", EAX)
LOCAL numstring[12]:BYTE, NumberOfBytesWritten:DWORD
.CONST
fmt db "%u ",0
.CODE
invoke wsprintf, ADDR numstring, ADDR fmt, eax
mov ebx, eax ; Preserve result - count of written bytes
invoke GetStdHandle, -11 ; Get STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE
mov edx, eax ; EAX will be used by the following INVOKE
invoke WriteFile, edx, ADDR numstring, ebx, ADDR NumberOfBytesWritten, 0
ret
write_number ENDP
END main
要访问Windows系统，有很多.lib文件.微软建议使用CryptGenRandom:
There are a lot of .lib files to acces the Windows system. Microsoft suggests to use CryptGenRandom:
.686
.MODEL flat, STDCALL
OPTION casemap:none
INCLUDE kernel32.inc ; GetStdHandle, WriteFile, ExitProcess
INCLUDELIB kernel32.lib
INCLUDE user32.inc ; wsprintf
INCLUDELIB user32.lib
INCLUDE advapi32.inc ; CryptAcquireContext, CryptGenRandom, CryptReleaseContext
INCLUDELIB advapi32.lib
NumberOfNumbers = 30 ; Number of random numbers to be generated and shown
RangeOfNumbers = 12 ; Range of the random numbers (0..RangeOfNumbers-1)
.DATA
random_bytes dd 30 DUP (?)
hProvider dd ?
.CODE
main PROC
; https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/windows/desktop/aa379886.aspx
CRYPT_VERIFYCONTEXT = 0F0000000h
PROV_RSA_FULL = 1
invoke CryptAcquireContext, ADDR hProvider, 0, 0, PROV_RSA_FULL,CRYPT_VERIFYCONTEXT
; https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/windows/desktop/aa379942.aspx
invoke CryptGenRandom, hProvider, 30*4, ADDR random_bytes ; Generate 30 random DWORD (30*4)
; https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/windows/desktop/aa380268.aspx
invoke CryptReleaseContext, hProvider, 0
lea esi, random_bytes
mov ecx, NumberOfNumbers ; Loop counter - show ECX random numbers
@@:
push ecx ; Preserve loop counter
lodsd ; [ESI] -> EAX, ADD ESI, 4
; Adjust EAX to the range
mov ecx, RangeOfNumbers ; Range (0..RangeOfNumbers-1)
xor edx, edx ; Needed for DIV
div ecx ; EDX:EAX/ECX -> EAX remainder EDX
mov eax, edx ; Get the remainder
call write_number ; printf ("%u ", EAX)
pop ecx ; Restore loop counter
loop @B ; Loop the next @@ above
invoke ExitProcess, 0 ; Exit (0) = return 0
main ENDP
write_number PROC STDCALL USES ebx ; printf ("%u ", EAX)
LOCAL numstring[12]:BYTE, NumberOfBytesWritten:DWORD
.CONST
fmt db "%u ",0
.CODE
invoke wsprintf, ADDR numstring, ADDR fmt, eax
mov ebx, eax ; Preserve result - count of written bytes
invoke GetStdHandle, -11 ; Get STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE
mov edx, eax ; EAX will be used by the following INVOKE
invoke WriteFile, edx, ADDR numstring, ebx, ADDR NumberOfBytesWritten, 0
ret
write_number ENDP
END main
我在dnsapi.lib中发现了一个未记录的函数Dns_GetRandomXid.它使用CryptGenRandom，有时使用C函数rand()，似乎是线程安全的.
I found an undocumented function Dns_GetRandomXid in dnsapi.lib. It uses CryptGenRandom and sometimes the C function rand() and seems to be thread safe.
.686
.MODEL flat, STDCALL
OPTION casemap:none
INCLUDE kernel32.inc ; GetStdHandle, WriteFile, ExitProcess
INCLUDELIB kernel32.lib
INCLUDE user32.inc ; wsprintf
INCLUDELIB user32.lib
INCLUDE dnsapi.inc ; Dns_GetRandomXid
INCLUDELIB dnsapi.lib
NumberOfNumbers = 30 ; Number of random numbers to be generated and shown
RangeOfNumbers = 12 ; Range of the random numbers (0..RangeOfNumbers-1)
.CODE
main PROC
mov ecx, NumberOfNumbers ; Loop counter - show ECX random numbers
LL1:
push ecx ; Preserve loop counter
invoke Dns_GetRandomXid, 0 ; Argument not used -> AX = random WORD
mov ecx, RangeOfNumbers ; Range (0..RangeOfNumbers-1)
xor edx, edx ; Needed for DIV
div ecx ; EDX:EAX/ECX -> EAX remainder EDX
mov eax, edx ; Get the remainder
call write_number ; printf ("%u ", EAX)
pop ecx ; Restore loop counter
loop LL1
invoke ExitProcess, 0
main ENDP
write_number PROC STDCALL USES ebx ; printf ("%u ", EAX)
LOCAL numstring[12]:BYTE, NumberOfBytesWritten:DWORD
.CONST
fmt db "%u ",0
.CODE
invoke wsprintf, ADDR numstring, ADDR fmt, eax
mov ebx, eax ; Preserve result - count of written bytes
invoke GetStdHandle, -11 ; Get STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE
mov edx, eax ; EAX will be used by the following INVOKE
invoke WriteFile, edx, ADDR numstring, ebx, ADDR NumberOfBytesWritten, 0
ret
write_number ENDP
END main
另一个未公开的功能是cryptdll.lib中的CDGenerateRandomBits.
Another undocumented function is CDGenerateRandomBits in cryptdll.lib.
.686
.MODEL flat, STDCALL
OPTION casemap:none
INCLUDE kernel32.inc ; GetStdHandle, WriteFile, ExitProcess
INCLUDELIB kernel32.lib
INCLUDE user32.inc ; wsprintf
INCLUDELIB user32.lib
INCLUDE cryptdll.inc ; CDGenerateRandomBits
INCLUDELIB cryptdll.lib
NumberOfNumbers = 30 ; Number of random numbers to be generated and shown
RangeOfNumbers = 12 ; Range of the random numbers (0..RangeOfNumbers-1)
.DATA
random_bytes dd 30 DUP (?)
.CODE
main PROC
invoke CDGenerateRandomBits, Addr random_bytes, (NumberOfNumbers*4) ; Generate 120 random bytes (30 DWORD à 4 BYTE)
lea esi, random_bytes
mov ecx, 30 ; Show 30 random numbers
LL1:
push ecx ; Preserve loop counter
lodsd ; [ESI] -> EAX; ESI += 4
; Adjust EAX to range
mov ecx, RangeOfNumbers ; Range (0..RangeOfNumbers-1)
xor edx, edx ; Needed for DIV
div ecx ; EDX:EAX/ECX -> EAX remainder EDX
mov eax, edx ; Get the remainder
call write_number ; printf ("%u ", EAX)
pop ecx ; Restore loop counter
loop LL1
invoke ExitProcess, 0
main ENDP
write_number PROC STDCALL USES ebx ; printf ("%u ", EAX)
LOCAL numstring[12]:BYTE, NumberOfBytesWritten:DWORD
.CONST
fmt db "%u ",0
.CODE
invoke wsprintf, ADDR numstring, ADDR fmt, eax
mov ebx, eax ; Preserve result - count of written bytes
invoke GetStdHandle, -11 ; Get STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE
mov edx, eax ; EAX will be used by the follwing INVOKE
invoke WriteFile, edx, ADDR numstring, ebx, ADDR NumberOfBytesWritten, 0
ret
write_number ENDP
END main
C库中的旧版rand()应该不会丢失.
The good old rand() from the C library should not be missing.
.686
.MODEL flat, C
INCLUDE msvcrt.inc ; crt_time, crt_srand, crt_rand, crt_printf,crt_exit
INCLUDELIB msvcrt.lib
NumberOfNumbers = 30 ; Number of random numbers to be generated and shown
RangeOfNumbers = 12 ; Range of the random numbers (0..RangeOfNumbers-1)
.DATA
fmt db "%u ", 0
.CODE
main PROC
sub esp, 8 ; Reserve place for the C arguments
; srand( time (NULL) )
mov DWORD PTR [esp], 0
call crt_time ; EAX = time(0)
mov [esp], eax
call crt_srand ; srand (EAX)
mov ebx, NumberOfNumbers ; Loop counter - show ECX random numbers
LL1:
call crt_rand ; EAX = rand()
; Adjust EAX to the range
mov ecx, RangeOfNumbers ; Range (0..RangeOfNumbers-1)
xor edx, edx ; Needed for DIV
div ecx ; EDX:EAX/ECX -> EAX remainder EDX
mov eax, edx ; Get the remainder
; printf ("%d\n", EAX )
mov [esp], OFFSET fmt
mov [esp+4], eax
call crt_printf ; printf (fmt,eax)
dec ebx
jne LL1
; exit (0) = return 0
mov DWORD PTR [esp], 0
call crt_exit ; exit (0) = return 0
main ENDP
END main
在现代处理器上(至少自2012年起，至少 Ivy Bridge )已实现 RDRAND 指令.它符合 NIST SP 800-90A标准. MASM32 SDK中的MASM汇编程序无法汇编此指令.一种解决方法是将指令作为一系列十六进制字节插入代码中. MASM将按照给定的方式存储它，处理器将根据需要执行它.
On a modern processor (at least Ivy Bridge - since 2012) there is implemented the instruction RDRAND. It meets the NIST SP 800-90A standard. The MASM assembler in the MASM32 SDK cannot assemble this instruction. A workaround is to insert instruction as a series of hexadecimal bytes into the code. MASM will store it as given and the processor will execute it as desired.
.686
.MODEL flat, STDCALL
INCLUDE kernel32.inc ; GetStdHandle, WriteFile, ExitProcess
INCLUDELIB kernel32.lib
INCLUDE user32.inc ; wsprintf
INCLUDELIB user32.lib
NumberOfNumbers = 30 ; Number of random numbers to be generated and shown
RangeOfNumbers = 12 ; Range of the random numbers (0..RangeOfNumbers-1)
.CONST
err_text db "ERR: RDRAND not supported.",10,0
.CODE
main PROC
mov eax, 01h ; Check for availability (EAX=1) -> ECX.30
cpuid
bt ecx, 30 ; CPUID.01H:ECX.RDRAND[bit 30] = 1 ?
jnc err_exit ; No (RDRAND not supported) -> err_exit
mov ecx, NumberOfNumbers ; Loop counter - generate and show ECX random numbers
LL1:
push ecx ; Preserve loop counter
@@:
db 0Fh, 0C7h, 0F0h ; rdrand eax
jnc @B ; Invalid number - try again
; Adjust EAX to the range
mov ecx, RangeOfNumbers ; Range (0..RangeOfNumbers-1)
xor edx, edx ; Needed for DIV
div ecx ; EDX:EAX/ECX -> EAX remainder EDX
mov eax, edx ; Get the remainder
call write_number
pop ecx ; Restore loop counter
loop LL1
invoke ExitProcess, 0 ; Returncode = 0
err_exit:
invoke GetStdHandle, -11 ; Get STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE
push eax ; Place for WriteFile.NumberOfBytesWritten
invoke WriteFile, eax, ADDR err_text, LENGTHOF err_text, esp, 0
invoke ExitProcess, 1 ; Returncode = 1
main ENDP
write_number PROC STDCALL USES ebx ; printf ("%u ", EAX)
LOCAL numstring[20]:BYTE, NumberOfBytesWritten:DWORD
.CONST
fmt db "%u ",0
.CODE
invoke wsprintf, ADDR numstring, ADDR fmt, eax
mov ebx, eax ; Preserve count of written bytes
invoke GetStdHandle, -11 ; Get STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE
mov edx, eax ; EAX will be used by the following INVOKE
invoke WriteFile, edx, ADDR numstring, ebx, ADDR NumberOfBytesWritten, 0
ret
write_number ENDP
END main
全新"是处理器指令RDSEED(至少 Broadwell -自2014年以来).符合NIST SP 800-90B/C标准.
"Brand new" is the processor instruction RDSEED (at least Broadwell - since 2014). It meets the NIST SP 800-90B/C standard.
.686
.MODEL flat, STDCALL
INCLUDE kernel32.inc ; GetStdHandle, WriteFile, ExitProcess
INCLUDELIB kernel32.lib
INCLUDE user32.inc ; wsprintf
INCLUDELIB user32.lib
NumberOfNumbers = 30 ; Number of random numbers to be generated and shown
RangeOfNumbers = 12 ; Range of the random numbers (0..RangeOfNumbers-1)
.CONST
err_text db "ERR: RDSEED not supported.",10,0
.CODE
main PROC
mov eax, 07h ; Check for availability (EAX=7, ECX=0) -> EBX.18
xor ecx, ecx
cpuid
bt ebx, 18 ; CPUID (EAX=07H, ECX=0H):EBX.RDSEED[bit 18] = 1 ?
jnc err_exit ; No (RDSEED not supported) -> err_exit
mov ecx, NumberOfNumbers ; Loop counter - generate and show ECX random numbers
LL1:
push ecx ; Preserve loop counter
@@:
db 0Fh, 0C7h, 0F8h ; rdseed eax
jnc @B ; Invalid number - try again
; Adjust EAX to the range
mov ecx, RangeOfNumbers ; Range (0..RangeOfNumbers-1)
xor edx, edx ; Needed for DIV
div ecx ; EDX:EAX/ECX -> EAX remainder EDX
mov eax, edx ; Get the remainder
call write_number
pop ecx ; Restore loop counter
loop LL1
invoke ExitProcess, 0 ; Returncode = 0
err_exit:
invoke GetStdHandle, -11 ; Get STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE
push eax ; Place for WriteFile.NumberOfBytesWritten
invoke WriteFile, eax, ADDR err_text, LENGTHOF err_text, esp, 0
invoke ExitProcess, 1 ; Returncode = 1
main ENDP
write_number PROC STDCALL USES ebx ; printf ("%u ", EAX)
LOCAL numstring[20]:BYTE, NumberOfBytesWritten:DWORD
.CONST
fmt db "%u ",0
.CODE
invoke wsprintf, ADDR numstring, ADDR fmt, eax
mov ebx, eax ; Preserve count of written bytes
invoke GetStdHandle, -11 ; Get STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE
mov edx, eax ; EAX will be used by the following INVOKE
invoke WriteFile, edx, ADDR numstring, ebx, ADDR NumberOfBytesWritten, 0
ret
write_number ENDP
END main
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