如何更改情节背景颜色? [英] How to change plot background color?

问题描述

我正在matplotlib中制作散点图，需要将实际图的背景更改为黑色.我知道如何使用以下方法更改情节的脸色:

fig = plt.figure()
fig.patch.set_facecolor('xkcd:mint green')

我的问题是，这改变了情节周围空间的颜色.如何更改绘图的实际背景颜色?

解决方案

使用axes对象的 set_facecolor(color)方法，您已通过以下方法之一创建了该方法:

• 您一起创建了图形和坐标轴

  fig, ax = plt.subplots(nrows=1, ncols=1)
  

• 您先创建了一个图形，然后又创建了一个轴

  fig = plt.figure()
  ax = fig.add_subplot(1, 1, 1) # nrows, ncols, index
  

• 您使用的是有状态API(如果您要做的事情不止几行，而尤其是如果您有多个绘图，则上述面向对象的方法会使您的生活更轻松，因为您可以参考特定的图形，在特定的轴上绘制，并自定义其中一个)

  plt.plot(...)
  ax = plt.gca()
  

然后您可以使用set_facecolor:

ax.set_facecolor('xkcd:salmon')
ax.set_facecolor((1.0, 0.47, 0.42))

作为颜色的补充:

matplotlib.colors

Matplotlib可以识别以下格式来指定颜色:

• [0, 1]中的浮点值的RGB或RGBA元组(例如，(0.1, 0.2, 0.5)或(0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 0.3))；
• 十六进制RGB或RGBA字符串(例如'#0F0F0F'或'#0F0F0F0F')；
• [0, 1]中包含浮点值的字符串表示形式，用于灰度(例如，'0.5')；
• {'b', 'g', 'r', 'c', 'm', 'y', 'k', 'w'}之一；
• X11/CSS4颜色名称；
• xkcd颜色调查中的名称；前缀为'xkcd:'(例如'xkcd:sky blue')；
• {'tab:blue', 'tab:orange', 'tab:green', 'tab:red', 'tab:purple', 'tab:brown', 'tab:pink', 'tab:gray', 'tab:olive', 'tab:cyan'}之一，它是"T10"分类调色板中的Tableau颜色(这是默认颜色周期)；
• "CN"颜色规范，即"C"后跟一位数字，这是默认属性周期(matplotlib.rcParams['axes.prop_cycle'])的索引；该索引会在创建艺术家时发生，如果循环中不包含颜色，则默认为黑色.

除"CN"外，所有颜色的字符串规范均不区分大小写.

I am making a scatter plot in matplotlib and need to change the background of the actual plot to black. I know how to change the face color of the plot using:

fig = plt.figure()
fig.patch.set_facecolor('xkcd:mint green')

My issue is that this changes the color of the space around the plot. How to I change the actual background color of the plot?

解决方案

Use the set_facecolor(color) method of the axes object, which you've created one of the following ways:

• You created a figure and axis/es together

  fig, ax = plt.subplots(nrows=1, ncols=1)
  

• You created a figure, then axis/es later

  fig = plt.figure()
  ax = fig.add_subplot(1, 1, 1) # nrows, ncols, index
  

• You used the stateful API (if you're doing anything more than a few lines, and especially if you have multiple plots, the object-oriented methods above make life easier because you can refer to specific figures, plot on certain axes, and customize either)

  plt.plot(...)
  ax = plt.gca()
  

Then you can use set_facecolor:

ax.set_facecolor('xkcd:salmon')
ax.set_facecolor((1.0, 0.47, 0.42))

As a refresher for what colors can be:

matplotlib.colors

Matplotlib recognizes the following formats to specify a color:

• an RGB or RGBA tuple of float values in [0, 1] (e.g., (0.1, 0.2, 0.5) or (0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 0.3));
• a hex RGB or RGBA string (e.g., '#0F0F0F' or '#0F0F0F0F');
• a string representation of a float value in [0, 1] inclusive for gray level (e.g., '0.5');
• one of {'b', 'g', 'r', 'c', 'm', 'y', 'k', 'w'};
• a X11/CSS4 color name;
• a name from the xkcd color survey; prefixed with 'xkcd:' (e.g., 'xkcd:sky blue');
• one of {'tab:blue', 'tab:orange', 'tab:green', 'tab:red', 'tab:purple', 'tab:brown', 'tab:pink', 'tab:gray', 'tab:olive', 'tab:cyan'} which are the Tableau Colors from the ‘T10’ categorical palette (which is the default color cycle);
• a "CN" color spec, i.e. 'C' followed by a single digit, which is an index into the default property cycle (matplotlib.rcParams['axes.prop_cycle']); the indexing occurs at artist creation time and defaults to black if the cycle does not include color.

All string specifications of color, other than "CN", are case-insensitive.

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