您自己的GUI中的Matplotlib动画 [英] Matplotlib animation inside your own GUI
问题描述
我正在用Python编写软件.我需要将Matplotlib时间动画嵌入到自制的GUI中.以下是有关它们的更多详细信息:
I'm writing software in Python. I need to embed a Matplotlib time-animation into a self-made GUI. Here are some more details about them:
GUI也是使用PyQt4库以Python编写的.我的GUI与您在网上可以找到的常见GUI并没有很大不同.我只是将 QtGui.QMainWindow 子类化，并添加一些按钮，布局，...
The GUI is written in Python as well, using the PyQt4 library. My GUI is not very different from the common GUIs you can find on the net. I just subclass QtGui.QMainWindow and add some buttons, a layout, ...
Matplotlib动画基于 animation.TimedAnimation 类.这是动画的代码:
The Matplotlib animation is based on the animation.TimedAnimation class. Here is the code for the animation:
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from matplotlib.lines import Line2D
import matplotlib.animation as animation
class CustomGraph(animation.TimedAnimation):
def __init__(self):
self.n = np.linspace(0, 1000, 1001)
self.y = 1.5 + np.sin(self.n/20)
#self.y = np.zeros(self.n.size)
# The window
self.fig = plt.figure()
ax1 = self.fig.add_subplot(1, 2, 1)
self.mngr = plt.get_current_fig_manager()
self.mngr.window.setGeometry(50,100,2000, 800)
# ax1 settings
ax1.set_xlabel('time')
ax1.set_ylabel('raw data')
self.line1 = Line2D([], [], color='blue')
ax1.add_line(self.line1)
ax1.set_xlim(0, 1000)
ax1.set_ylim(0, 4)
animation.TimedAnimation.__init__(self, self.fig, interval=20, blit=True)
def _draw_frame(self, framedata):
i = framedata
print(i)
self.line1.set_data(self.n[ 0 : i ], self.y[ 0 : i ])
self._drawn_artists = [self.line1]
def new_frame_seq(self):
return iter(range(self.n.size))
def _init_draw(self):
lines = [self.line1]
for l in lines:
l.set_data([], [])
def showMyAnimation(self):
plt.show()
''' End Class '''
if __name__== '__main__':
print("Define myGraph")
myGraph = CustomGraph()
myGraph.showMyAnimation()
此代码产生一个简单的动画:
This code produces a simple animation:
动画本身运行良好.运行代码，动画在一个小窗口中弹出，然后开始运行.但是，如何将动画嵌入自己的自制GUI中?
The animation itself works fine. Run the code, the animation pops up in a small window and it starts running. But how do I embed the animation in my own self-made GUI?
我已经进行了一些研究以找出答案.这是我尝试过的一些方法.我已将以下代码添加到python文件中.请注意，此添加的代码实际上是一个额外的类定义:
I have done some research to find out. Here are some things I tried. I have added the following code to the python file. Note that this added code is actually an extra class definition:
from PyQt4 import QtGui
from PyQt4 import QtCore
from matplotlib.backends.backend_qt4agg import FigureCanvasQTAgg as FigureCanvas
class CustomFigCanvas(FigureCanvas):
def __init__(self):
self.myGraph = CustomGraph()
FigureCanvas.__init__(self, self.myGraph.fig)
我在这里尝试将 CustomGraph()对象(本质上是我的动画)嵌入到 FigureCanvas 中.
What I try to do here is embedding the CustomGraph() object - which is essentially my animation - into a FigureCanvas.
我在另一个python文件中编写了GUI(但仍在同一文件夹中).通常，我可以将小部件添加到我的GUI中.我相信类 CustomFigCanvas(..)中的对象是通过继承的Widget.这就是我在GUI中尝试的方法:
I wrote my GUI in another python file (but still in the same folder). Normally I can add Widgets to my GUI. I believe that an object from the class CustomFigCanvas(..) is a Widget through inheritance. So this is what I try in my GUI:
..
myFigCanvas = CustomFigCanvas()
self.myLayout.addWidget(myFigCanvas)
..
它在某种程度上起作用.我确实在GUI中显示了一个数字.但是这个数字是空的.动画无法运行:
It works to some extent. I get indeed a figure displayed in my GUI. But the figure is empty. The animation doesn't run:
甚至还有另一个奇怪的现象在发生.我的GUI显示了这个空白图形，但是同时获得了一个常规Matplotlib弹出窗口以及其中的动画图形.此外，该动画没有运行.
And there is even another strange phenomenon going on. My GUI displays this empty figure, but I get simultaneously a regular Matplotlib popup window with my animation figure in it. Also this animation is not running.
在这里显然我缺少一些东西.请帮助我找出这个问题.非常感谢您的帮助.
There is clearly something that I'm missing here. Please help me to figure out this problem. I appreciate very much all help.
推荐答案
我想我找到了解决方案.一切归功于Harrison先生，他创建了Python教程网站 https://pythonprogramming.net .他帮助了我.
I think I found the solution. All credit goes to Mr. Harrison who made the Python tutorial website https://pythonprogramming.net. He helped me out.
这就是我所做的.两大变化:
So here is what I did. Two major changes:
我以前有两个类: CustomGraph(TimedAnimation)和 CustomFigCanvas(FigureCanvas).现在我只剩下一个了，但是他继承自TimedAnimation和FigureCanvas: CustomFigCanvas(TimedAnimation，FigureCanvas)
I previously had two classes: CustomGraph(TimedAnimation) and CustomFigCanvas(FigureCanvas). Now I got only one left, but he inherits from both TimedAnimation and FigureCanvas: CustomFigCanvas(TimedAnimation, FigureCanvas)
这是我之前制作图形的方式:
This is how I made the figure previously:
self.fig = plt.figure()
其中'plt'来自导入语句'import matplotlib.pyplot as plt'.当您要将其嵌入到自己的GUI中时，这种制作图形的方式显然会引起麻烦.
因此，有一种更好的方法可以做到:
With 'plt' coming from the import statement 'import matplotlib.pyplot as plt'. This way of making the figure apparently causes troubles when you want to embed it into your own GUI.
So there is a better way to do it:
self.fig = Figure(figsize=(5,5), dpi=100)
现在可以使用了！
这是完整的代码:
import numpy as np
from matplotlib.figure import Figure
from matplotlib.animation import TimedAnimation
from matplotlib.lines import Line2D
from matplotlib.backends.backend_qt4agg import FigureCanvasQTAgg as FigureCanvas
class CustomFigCanvas(FigureCanvas, TimedAnimation):
def __init__(self):
# The data
self.n = np.linspace(0, 1000, 1001)
self.y = 1.5 + np.sin(self.n/20)
# The window
self.fig = Figure(figsize=(5,5), dpi=100)
ax1 = self.fig.add_subplot(111)
# ax1 settings
ax1.set_xlabel('time')
ax1.set_ylabel('raw data')
self.line1 = Line2D([], [], color='blue')
ax1.add_line(self.line1)
ax1.set_xlim(0, 1000)
ax1.set_ylim(0, 4)
FigureCanvas.__init__(self, self.fig)
TimedAnimation.__init__(self, self.fig, interval = 20, blit = True)
def _draw_frame(self, framedata):
i = framedata
print(i)
self.line1.set_data(self.n[ 0 : i ], self.y[ 0 : i ])
self._drawn_artists = [self.line1]
def new_frame_seq(self):
return iter(range(self.n.size))
def _init_draw(self):
lines = [self.line1]
for l in lines:
l.set_data([], [])
''' End Class '''
这是在matplotlib中制作动画的代码.现在，您可以轻松地将其嵌入到自己的Qt GUI中:
That's the code to make the animation in matplotlib. Now you can easily embed it into your own Qt GUI:
..
myFigCanvas = CustomFigCanvas()
self.myLayout.addWidget(myFigCanvas)
..
似乎工作正常. 谢谢哈里森先生！
It seems to work pretty fine. Thank you Mr. Harrison!
几个月后，我又回到了这个问题.这是完整的代码.只需将其复制粘贴到一个新的.py文件中，然后运行它即可:
EDIT :
I came back to this question after many months. Here is the complete code. Just copy-paste it into a fresh .py file, and run it:
###################################################################
# #
# PLOTTING A LIVE GRAPH #
# ---------------------------- #
# EMBED A MATPLOTLIB ANIMATION INSIDE YOUR #
# OWN GUI! #
# #
###################################################################
import sys
import os
from PyQt4 import QtGui
from PyQt4 import QtCore
import functools
import numpy as np
import random as rd
import matplotlib
matplotlib.use("Qt4Agg")
from matplotlib.figure import Figure
from matplotlib.animation import TimedAnimation
from matplotlib.lines import Line2D
from matplotlib.backends.backend_qt4agg import FigureCanvasQTAgg as FigureCanvas
import time
import threading
def setCustomSize(x, width, height):
sizePolicy = QtGui.QSizePolicy(QtGui.QSizePolicy.Fixed, QtGui.QSizePolicy.Fixed)
sizePolicy.setHorizontalStretch(0)
sizePolicy.setVerticalStretch(0)
sizePolicy.setHeightForWidth(x.sizePolicy().hasHeightForWidth())
x.setSizePolicy(sizePolicy)
x.setMinimumSize(QtCore.QSize(width, height))
x.setMaximumSize(QtCore.QSize(width, height))
''''''
class CustomMainWindow(QtGui.QMainWindow):
def __init__(self):
super(CustomMainWindow, self).__init__()
# Define the geometry of the main window
self.setGeometry(300, 300, 800, 400)
self.setWindowTitle("my first window")
# Create FRAME_A
self.FRAME_A = QtGui.QFrame(self)
self.FRAME_A.setStyleSheet("QWidget { background-color: %s }" % QtGui.QColor(210,210,235,255).name())
self.LAYOUT_A = QtGui.QGridLayout()
self.FRAME_A.setLayout(self.LAYOUT_A)
self.setCentralWidget(self.FRAME_A)
# Place the zoom button
self.zoomBtn = QtGui.QPushButton(text = 'zoom')
setCustomSize(self.zoomBtn, 100, 50)
self.zoomBtn.clicked.connect(self.zoomBtnAction)
self.LAYOUT_A.addWidget(self.zoomBtn, *(0,0))
# Place the matplotlib figure
self.myFig = CustomFigCanvas()
self.LAYOUT_A.addWidget(self.myFig, *(0,1))
# Add the callbackfunc to ..
myDataLoop = threading.Thread(name = 'myDataLoop', target = dataSendLoop, daemon = True, args = (self.addData_callbackFunc,))
myDataLoop.start()
self.show()
''''''
def zoomBtnAction(self):
print("zoom in")
self.myFig.zoomIn(5)
''''''
def addData_callbackFunc(self, value):
# print("Add data: " + str(value))
self.myFig.addData(value)
''' End Class '''
class CustomFigCanvas(FigureCanvas, TimedAnimation):
def __init__(self):
self.addedData = []
print(matplotlib.__version__)
# The data
self.xlim = 200
self.n = np.linspace(0, self.xlim - 1, self.xlim)
a = []
b = []
a.append(2.0)
a.append(4.0)
a.append(2.0)
b.append(4.0)
b.append(3.0)
b.append(4.0)
self.y = (self.n * 0.0) + 50
# The window
self.fig = Figure(figsize=(5,5), dpi=100)
self.ax1 = self.fig.add_subplot(111)
# self.ax1 settings
self.ax1.set_xlabel('time')
self.ax1.set_ylabel('raw data')
self.line1 = Line2D([], [], color='blue')
self.line1_tail = Line2D([], [], color='red', linewidth=2)
self.line1_head = Line2D([], [], color='red', marker='o', markeredgecolor='r')
self.ax1.add_line(self.line1)
self.ax1.add_line(self.line1_tail)
self.ax1.add_line(self.line1_head)
self.ax1.set_xlim(0, self.xlim - 1)
self.ax1.set_ylim(0, 100)
FigureCanvas.__init__(self, self.fig)
TimedAnimation.__init__(self, self.fig, interval = 50, blit = True)
def new_frame_seq(self):
return iter(range(self.n.size))
def _init_draw(self):
lines = [self.line1, self.line1_tail, self.line1_head]
for l in lines:
l.set_data([], [])
def addData(self, value):
self.addedData.append(value)
def zoomIn(self, value):
bottom = self.ax1.get_ylim()[0]
top = self.ax1.get_ylim()[1]
bottom += value
top -= value
self.ax1.set_ylim(bottom,top)
self.draw()
def _step(self, *args):
# Extends the _step() method for the TimedAnimation class.
try:
TimedAnimation._step(self, *args)
except Exception as e:
self.abc += 1
print(str(self.abc))
TimedAnimation._stop(self)
pass
def _draw_frame(self, framedata):
margin = 2
while(len(self.addedData) > 0):
self.y = np.roll(self.y, -1)
self.y[-1] = self.addedData[0]
del(self.addedData[0])
self.line1.set_data(self.n[ 0 : self.n.size - margin ], self.y[ 0 : self.n.size - margin ])
self.line1_tail.set_data(np.append(self.n[-10:-1 - margin], self.n[-1 - margin]), np.append(self.y[-10:-1 - margin], self.y[-1 - margin]))
self.line1_head.set_data(self.n[-1 - margin], self.y[-1 - margin])
self._drawn_artists = [self.line1, self.line1_tail, self.line1_head]
''' End Class '''
# You need to setup a signal slot mechanism, to
# send data to your GUI in a thread-safe way.
# Believe me, if you don't do this right, things
# go very very wrong..
class Communicate(QtCore.QObject):
data_signal = QtCore.pyqtSignal(float)
''' End Class '''
def dataSendLoop(addData_callbackFunc):
# Setup the signal-slot mechanism.
mySrc = Communicate()
mySrc.data_signal.connect(addData_callbackFunc)
# Simulate some data
n = np.linspace(0, 499, 500)
y = 50 + 25*(np.sin(n / 8.3)) + 10*(np.sin(n / 7.5)) - 5*(np.sin(n / 1.5))
i = 0
while(True):
if(i > 499):
i = 0
time.sleep(0.1)
mySrc.data_signal.emit(y[i]) # <- Here you emit a signal!
i += 1
###
###
if __name__== '__main__':
app = QtGui.QApplication(sys.argv)
QtGui.QApplication.setStyle(QtGui.QStyleFactory.create('Plastique'))
myGUI = CustomMainWindow()
sys.exit(app.exec_())
''''''
这篇关于您自己的GUI中的Matplotlib动画的文章就介绍到这了，希望我们推荐的答案对大家有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持IT屋！
