使Maven2将资源复制到构建目录，但不将其捆绑在JAR中 [英] Having Maven2 copy resources to the build directory, but NOT bundle them in the JAR

问题描述

我已经在NetBeans中启动了一个新的Maven项目，接受所有默认设置.删除所有JAR依赖项的POM在该问题的底部被剪切-粘贴.

应用程序读取各种属性文件(例如，日志记录和配置).它还读取诸如字体，图像和声音之类的外部资源.我不希望所有这些资源都捆绑到JAR文件中.相反，我计划将它们部署在JAR部署目录下的子目录中.

项目目录结构的简化视图如下:

-src
   |---main
           |---java
                   |---com.mypackage, etc
           |---resources
                        |---conf
                        |---fonts
                        |---images
                        |---sounds
+target

干净构建后，我想要拥有的东西看起来像这样:

+src
-target
       |---myproject-1.0.0.jar (compiled contents of "src/main/java" ONLY)
       |---conf
       |---fonts
       |---images
       |---sounds

但是，当我通过NetBeans(或与此相关的命令行)执行清理并构建"或执行"时...我实际上正在寻找的东西像这样:

+src
-target
       |---classes
                  |---("src/main/java" and "src/main/resources" slammed together)
       |---myproject-1.0.0.jar (the "classes" subdirectory JAR'ed up)

有人能为我指出获得第一个结果而不是第二个结果的正确方向吗?如果这是一个愚蠢的问题(我是Maven新秀)，或者我忽略了之前提出的重复问题，我深表歉意.但是，从我对Stack Overflow所做的搜索中，看来所有重复的问题都尝试采用 other 的方式！ (即，将资源放入一个JAR中，而不是将它们移出中))

pom.xml:

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <groupId>steveperkins</groupId>
    <artifactId>myproject</artifactId>
    <packaging>jar</packaging>
    <version>1.0.0</version>
    <name>My Project</name>
    <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>2.0.2</version>
                <configuration>
                    <source>1.4</source>
                    <target>1.4</target>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
    <dependencies>
    ...

解决方案

尽管建议的解决方案可以正常工作，但它们基本上都围绕着maven约定工作.更好的选择是过滤掉资源，以便它们不包含在jar中，但在IDE中工作时仍可作为资源使用.在pom中，它应如下所示:

 <build>
    <plugins>
        <plugin>
            <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
            <artifactId>maven-jar-plugin</artifactId>
            <executions>
                <execution>
                    <goals>
                        <goal>jar</goal>
                    </goals>
                    <configuration>
                        <excludes>
                            <exclude>/conf/**</exclude>
                            <exclude>/fonts/**</exclude>
                            <exclude>/images/**</exclude>
                            <exclude>/sounds/**</exclude>
                        </excludes>
                    </configuration>
                </execution>
            </executions>
        </plugin>
   </plugins>
</build>
 

这将有效地将它们从jar中排除，而无需任何解决方法.

此处是jar插件的文档页面. >

尽管以上内容可以回答您的问题，但我还是建议您提供一些其他可能的方法，以帮助您的工作.第二步，要使这些资源可用，您可以使用

However, when I do a "clean-and-build" or an "exec" through NetBeans (or the command-line for that matter)... what I'm actually getting looks like this:

+src
-target
       |---classes
                  |---("src/main/java" and "src/main/resources" slammed together)
       |---myproject-1.0.0.jar (the "classes" subdirectory JAR'ed up)

Can someone point me in the right direction for getting that first result rather than the second? I apologize if this is a silly question (I'm a Maven rookie), or if I overlooked a previously-asked duplicate. However, from the searching I've done on Stack Overflow... it looks like all the duplicate questions try to go the other way! (i.e. get resources into a JAR rather than keep them out)

pom.xml:

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <groupId>steveperkins</groupId>
    <artifactId>myproject</artifactId>
    <packaging>jar</packaging>
    <version>1.0.0</version>
    <name>My Project</name>
    <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>2.0.2</version>
                <configuration>
                    <source>1.4</source>
                    <target>1.4</target>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
    <dependencies>
    ...

解决方案

Although the proposed solutions would work they basically work around the maven conventions. A better alternative would be to filter out the resources so they are not included in the jar but still available as resources while working in the IDE. In the pom it should look like this:

<build>
    <plugins>
        <plugin>
            <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
            <artifactId>maven-jar-plugin</artifactId>
            <executions>
                <execution>
                    <goals>
                        <goal>jar</goal>
                    </goals>
                    <configuration>
                        <excludes>
                            <exclude>/conf/**</exclude>
                            <exclude>/fonts/**</exclude>
                            <exclude>/images/**</exclude>
                            <exclude>/sounds/**</exclude>
                        </excludes>
                    </configuration>
                </execution>
            </executions>
        </plugin>
   </plugins>
</build>

This would effectively exclude them from the jar without any workarounds.

Here is the doc page for the jar plugin.

Though the above will answer your question may I suggest some additional possibility that could help you in your endeavour. As a second step, to still make these resources available you could package your project using the assembly plugin. this would allow you to create a zip file and place all the files, resources and jar, in an appropriate location so that when the zip is unpacked everything just falls into place.

If this project is part of a larger work you can still use the assembly plugin for each where you would have this situation and in the main project you could extract and reassemble them in a larger zip including all the necessary artifacts.

Lastly I suggest you leave the directory structure under target as-is. If you customize it it would be preferable to do it through the Maven variables so that the changes percolate to the other plugins. If you manually remove and rename stuff once Maven has gone through you may run into problems later. Normally the Maven jar plugin should be able to just get it right if you configure it the way you want so you have no needs to worry about what comes under target. Personally I use Eclipse and the pusign is pretty good at getting the IDE and Maven config in sync. For NetBeans I would suspect this would also be the case. If not the best approach would be to configure your project in NetBeans to use target/classes as a target folder for built artifacts and target/test-classes for stuff built from src/test/java.

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