媒体查询:如何定位台式机，平板电脑和移动设备? [英] Media Queries: How to target desktop, tablet, and mobile?

问题描述

我一直在研究媒体查询，但我仍然不太了解如何定位某些尺寸的设备.

我希望能够定位台式机，平板电脑和移动设备.我知道会有一些差异，但是拥有可用于定位这些设备的通用系统会很好.

我发现了一些例子:

# Mobile
only screen and (min-width: 480px)

# Tablet
only screen and (min-width: 768px) 

# Desktop
only screen and (min-width: 992px)

# Huge
only screen and (min-width: 1280px) 

或者:

# Phone
only screen and (max-width:320px)

# Tablet
only screen and (min-width:321px) and (max-width:768px)

# Desktop
only screen and (min-width:769px)

每个设备的断点应该是什么?

解决方案

IMO这些是最好的断点:

@media (min-width:320px)  { /* smartphones, portrait iPhone, portrait 480x320 phones (Android) */ }
@media (min-width:480px)  { /* smartphones, Android phones, landscape iPhone */ }
@media (min-width:600px)  { /* portrait tablets, portrait iPad, e-readers (Nook/Kindle), landscape 800x480 phones (Android) */ }
@media (min-width:801px)  { /* tablet, landscape iPad, lo-res laptops ands desktops */ }
@media (min-width:1025px) { /* big landscape tablets, laptops, and desktops */ }
@media (min-width:1281px) { /* hi-res laptops and desktops */ }

编辑:经过优化，可以在960个网格上更好地工作:

@media (min-width:320px)  { /* smartphones, iPhone, portrait 480x320 phones */ }
@media (min-width:481px)  { /* portrait e-readers (Nook/Kindle), smaller tablets @ 600 or @ 640 wide. */ }
@media (min-width:641px)  { /* portrait tablets, portrait iPad, landscape e-readers, landscape 800x480 or 854x480 phones */ }
@media (min-width:961px)  { /* tablet, landscape iPad, lo-res laptops ands desktops */ }
@media (min-width:1025px) { /* big landscape tablets, laptops, and desktops */ }
@media (min-width:1281px) { /* hi-res laptops and desktops */ }

在实践中，许多设计人员将像素转换为em，主要是b/c em可以更好地进行缩放.以标准变焦1em === 16px.像素乘以1em/16px可获得em.例如，320px === 20em.

根据评论，min-width是移动优先"设计的标准配置，其中，您首先要为最小的屏幕进行设计，然后添加越来越多的媒体查询，然后逐步处理越来越大的屏幕.无论您是偏爱min-，max-还是它们的组合，都应意识到规则的顺序，请记住，如果多个规则与同一元素匹配，则后面的规则将覆盖前面的规则. >

I have been doing some research on media queries and I still don't quite understand how to target devices of certain sizes.

I want to be able to target desktop, tablet and mobile. I know that there will be some discrepancies but it would be nice to have a generic system that can be used to target these devices.

Some examples I have found:

# Mobile
only screen and (min-width: 480px)

# Tablet
only screen and (min-width: 768px) 

# Desktop
only screen and (min-width: 992px)

# Huge
only screen and (min-width: 1280px) 

Or:

# Phone
only screen and (max-width:320px)

# Tablet
only screen and (min-width:321px) and (max-width:768px)

# Desktop
only screen and (min-width:769px)

What should the breakpoints be for each device?

解决方案

IMO these are the best breakpoints:

@media (min-width:320px)  { /* smartphones, portrait iPhone, portrait 480x320 phones (Android) */ }
@media (min-width:480px)  { /* smartphones, Android phones, landscape iPhone */ }
@media (min-width:600px)  { /* portrait tablets, portrait iPad, e-readers (Nook/Kindle), landscape 800x480 phones (Android) */ }
@media (min-width:801px)  { /* tablet, landscape iPad, lo-res laptops ands desktops */ }
@media (min-width:1025px) { /* big landscape tablets, laptops, and desktops */ }
@media (min-width:1281px) { /* hi-res laptops and desktops */ }

Edit: Refined to work better with 960 grids:

@media (min-width:320px)  { /* smartphones, iPhone, portrait 480x320 phones */ }
@media (min-width:481px)  { /* portrait e-readers (Nook/Kindle), smaller tablets @ 600 or @ 640 wide. */ }
@media (min-width:641px)  { /* portrait tablets, portrait iPad, landscape e-readers, landscape 800x480 or 854x480 phones */ }
@media (min-width:961px)  { /* tablet, landscape iPad, lo-res laptops ands desktops */ }
@media (min-width:1025px) { /* big landscape tablets, laptops, and desktops */ }
@media (min-width:1281px) { /* hi-res laptops and desktops */ }

In practice, many designers convert pixels to ems, largely b/c ems better afford zooming. At standard zoom 1em === 16px. Multiply pixels by 1em/16px to get ems. For example, 320px === 20em.

In response to the comment, min-width is standard in "mobile-first" design, wherein you start by designing for your smallest screens, and then add ever-increasing media queries, working you way onto larger and larger screens. Regardless of whether you prefer min-, max-, or combinations thereof, be cognizant of the order of your rules, keeping in mind that if multiple rules match the same element, the later rules will override the earlier rules.

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