字节以供人类读取，然后返回.没有数据丢失 [英] bytes to human readable, and back. without data loss
问题描述
我需要将包含内存使用量(以字节为单位)的字符串转换为精确的字符串，例如:1048576(1M)，以供人们阅读，反之亦然.
I need to convert strings which contain the memory usage in bytes, like: 1048576 (which is 1M) into exactly that, a human-readable version, and visa-versa.
注意:我已经看过这里了: 可重用的库以获取文件大小的可读版本吗? /a>
Note: I looked here already: Reusable library to get human readable version of file size?
在这里(即使它不是python): 如何将人类可读的内存大小转换为字节?
And here (even though it isn't python): How to convert human readable memory size into bytes?
到目前为止，没有任何帮助，所以我去了其他地方.
Nothing so far helped me, so I looked elsewhere.
我在这里找到了一些可以帮助我的事情: http://goo.gl/zeJZl
I have found something that does this for me here: http://code.google.com/p/pyftpdlib/source/browse/trunk/test/bench.py?spec=svn984&r=984#137 or, for shorter URL: http://goo.gl/zeJZl
代码:
def bytes2human(n, format="%(value)i%(symbol)s"):
"""
>>> bytes2human(10000)
'9K'
>>> bytes2human(100001221)
'95M'
"""
symbols = ('B', 'K', 'M', 'G', 'T', 'P', 'E', 'Z', 'Y')
prefix = {}
for i, s in enumerate(symbols[1:]):
prefix[s] = 1 << (i+1)*10
for symbol in reversed(symbols[1:]):
if n >= prefix[symbol]:
value = float(n) / prefix[symbol]
return format % locals()
return format % dict(symbol=symbols[0], value=n)
还有另一种转换功能(相同的网站):
And also a function for conversion the other way (same site):
def human2bytes(s):
"""
>>> human2bytes('1M')
1048576
>>> human2bytes('1G')
1073741824
"""
symbols = ('B', 'K', 'M', 'G', 'T', 'P', 'E', 'Z', 'Y')
letter = s[-1:].strip().upper()
num = s[:-1]
assert num.isdigit() and letter in symbols
num = float(num)
prefix = {symbols[0]:1}
for i, s in enumerate(symbols[1:]):
prefix[s] = 1 << (i+1)*10
return int(num * prefix[letter])
这很不错，但是有一些信息丢失，例如:
This is great and all, but it has some information loss, example:
>>> bytes2human(10000)
'9K'
>>> human2bytes('9K')
9216
要尝试解决此问题，请更改函数bytes2human
To try to solve this, I change the formatting on the function bytes2human
进入:format="%(value).3f%(symbol)s")
哪个更好，给我这些结果:
Which is much nicer, giving me these results:
>>> bytes2human(10000)
'9.766K'
但是当我尝试使用human2bytes函数将它们转换回去时:
but when I try to convert them back with the human2bytes function:
>>> human2bytes('9.766K')
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<pyshell#366>", line 1, in <module>
human2bytes('9.766K')
File "<pyshell#359>", line 12, in human2bytes
assert num.isdigit() and letter in symbols
AssertionError
这是因为.
所以我的问题是，如何在不丢失数据的情况下将人类可读的版本转换回字节版本?
注意:我知道小数点后三位也是一点数据丢失.但是出于这个问题的目的，让我们暂时忽略它，我可以随时将其更改为更大的值.
Note: I know that 3 decimal places is also a little bit of data loss. But for the purposes of this question, lets ignore that for now, I can always change that to something greater.
推荐答案
因此，答案比我想象的要简单得多-我提供的链接之一实际上导致了功能:
So it turns out the answer was much simpler than I thought - one of the links that I provided actually led to a much more detailed version of the function:
我可以处理的任何范围.
Which is able to deal with any scope I give it.
但是谢谢您的帮助:
此处为后代复制的代码:
The code copied here for posterity:
## {{{ http://code.activestate.com/recipes/578019/ (r15)
#!/usr/bin/env python
"""
Bytes-to-human / human-to-bytes converter.
Based on: http://goo.gl/kTQMs
Working with Python 2.x and 3.x.
Author: Giampaolo Rodola' <g.rodola [AT] gmail [DOT] com>
License: MIT
"""
# see: http://goo.gl/kTQMs
SYMBOLS = {
'customary' : ('B', 'K', 'M', 'G', 'T', 'P', 'E', 'Z', 'Y'),
'customary_ext' : ('byte', 'kilo', 'mega', 'giga', 'tera', 'peta', 'exa',
'zetta', 'iotta'),
'iec' : ('Bi', 'Ki', 'Mi', 'Gi', 'Ti', 'Pi', 'Ei', 'Zi', 'Yi'),
'iec_ext' : ('byte', 'kibi', 'mebi', 'gibi', 'tebi', 'pebi', 'exbi',
'zebi', 'yobi'),
}
def bytes2human(n, format='%(value).1f %(symbol)s', symbols='customary'):
"""
Convert n bytes into a human readable string based on format.
symbols can be either "customary", "customary_ext", "iec" or "iec_ext",
see: http://goo.gl/kTQMs
>>> bytes2human(0)
'0.0 B'
>>> bytes2human(0.9)
'0.0 B'
>>> bytes2human(1)
'1.0 B'
>>> bytes2human(1.9)
'1.0 B'
>>> bytes2human(1024)
'1.0 K'
>>> bytes2human(1048576)
'1.0 M'
>>> bytes2human(1099511627776127398123789121)
'909.5 Y'
>>> bytes2human(9856, symbols="customary")
'9.6 K'
>>> bytes2human(9856, symbols="customary_ext")
'9.6 kilo'
>>> bytes2human(9856, symbols="iec")
'9.6 Ki'
>>> bytes2human(9856, symbols="iec_ext")
'9.6 kibi'
>>> bytes2human(10000, "%(value).1f %(symbol)s/sec")
'9.8 K/sec'
>>> # precision can be adjusted by playing with %f operator
>>> bytes2human(10000, format="%(value).5f %(symbol)s")
'9.76562 K'
"""
n = int(n)
if n < 0:
raise ValueError("n < 0")
symbols = SYMBOLS[symbols]
prefix = {}
for i, s in enumerate(symbols[1:]):
prefix[s] = 1 << (i+1)*10
for symbol in reversed(symbols[1:]):
if n >= prefix[symbol]:
value = float(n) / prefix[symbol]
return format % locals()
return format % dict(symbol=symbols[0], value=n)
def human2bytes(s):
"""
Attempts to guess the string format based on default symbols
set and return the corresponding bytes as an integer.
When unable to recognize the format ValueError is raised.
>>> human2bytes('0 B')
0
>>> human2bytes('1 K')
1024
>>> human2bytes('1 M')
1048576
>>> human2bytes('1 Gi')
1073741824
>>> human2bytes('1 tera')
1099511627776
>>> human2bytes('0.5kilo')
512
>>> human2bytes('0.1 byte')
0
>>> human2bytes('1 k') # k is an alias for K
1024
>>> human2bytes('12 foo')
Traceback (most recent call last):
...
ValueError: can't interpret '12 foo'
"""
init = s
num = ""
while s and s[0:1].isdigit() or s[0:1] == '.':
num += s[0]
s = s[1:]
num = float(num)
letter = s.strip()
for name, sset in SYMBOLS.items():
if letter in sset:
break
else:
if letter == 'k':
# treat 'k' as an alias for 'K' as per: http://goo.gl/kTQMs
sset = SYMBOLS['customary']
letter = letter.upper()
else:
raise ValueError("can't interpret %r" % init)
prefix = {sset[0]:1}
for i, s in enumerate(sset[1:]):
prefix[s] = 1 << (i+1)*10
return int(num * prefix[letter])
if __name__ == "__main__":
import doctest
doctest.testmod()
## end of http://code.activestate.com/recipes/578019/ }}}
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