通过伪造NFC标签扫描来测试应用 [英] Testing an app by faking NFC tag scan
本文介绍了通过伪造NFC标签扫描来测试应用的处理方法，对大家解决问题具有一定的参考价值，需要的朋友们下面随着小编来一起学习吧！
问题描述
我是Android的新手，致力于近距离通信，可从NFC标签读取数据.我既没有NFC支持的Android移动设备，也没有NFC标签来测试我创建的应用程序.
我找到了以下两篇文章，内容涉及通过触发Intent伪造NFC标签扫描.
我根据第一篇文章更改了我的代码，在其中单击按钮时，我在第一个活动中触发了所需的Intent.而我又创建了一个能够处理相同意图的活动. NFC标签和处理数据的读取基于第二个活动上的按钮单击.
问题是:每当我从第一个活动中触发虚假的NFC标签扫描意图时，都会引发错误"未找到任何活动来处理意图{act = android.nfc.action.NDEF_DISCOVERED(有附加功能)} ".
清单文件是这样的:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
package="com.expensemanager.saubhattacharya">
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"/>
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"/>
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.NFC"/>
<uses-feature android:name="android.hardware.nfc" android:required="false" />
<application
android:allowBackup="true"
android:icon="@mipmap/icon1"
android:label="@string/app_name"
android:supportsRtl="true"
android:theme="@style/AppTheme">
<activity
android:name=".MainActivity"
android:label="@string/app_name"
android:theme="@style/AppTheme.NoActionBar">
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
<category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
</intent-filter>
</activity>
<activity
android:name=".Set_Monthly_Target"
android:label="@string/title_activity_set__monthly__target"
android:parentActivityName=".MainActivity">
<meta-data
android:name="android.support.PARENT_ACTIVITY"
android:value="com.expensemanager.saubhattacharya.MainActivity" />
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.nfc.action.NDEF_DISCOVERED" />
<category android:name="android.intent.category.DEFAULT" />
<data android:mimeType="text/plain"/>
<data android:mimeType="image/*" />
</intent-filter>
</activity>
<activity
android:name=".Add_Daily_Expense"
android:label="@string/add_daily_expense_activity"
android:parentActivityName=".MainActivity">
<meta-data
android:name="android.support.PARENT_ACTIVITY"
android:value="com.expensemanager.saubhattacharya.MainActivity" />
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.nfc.action.NDEF_DISCOVERED" />
<category android:name="android.intent.category.DEFAULT" />
<data android:mimeType="text/plain"/>
<data android:mimeType="image/*" />
</intent-filter>
</activity>
</application>
</manifest>
第一个活动的意图触发代码段如下:
public void scan_tag (View view)
{
final Intent intent = new Intent(NfcAdapter.ACTION_NDEF_DISCOVERED);
intent.putExtra(NfcAdapter.EXTRA_NDEF_MESSAGES, "Custom Messages");
startActivity(intent);
}
处理上述触发器的第二个活动的代码段如下:
public class Add_Daily_Expense extends AppCompatActivity {
Button read_data;
TextView show_data;
Tag detected_tag;
NfcAdapter nfcAdapter;
IntentFilter[] intentFilters;
public static final String MIME_TEXT_PLAIN = "text/plain";
public static final String MIME_IMAGE_ALL = "image/*";
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_add__daily__expense);
final PackageManager pm = this.getPackageManager();
show_data = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.show_data);
nfcAdapter = NfcAdapter.getDefaultAdapter(getApplicationContext());
read_data = (Button) findViewById(R.id.read_nfc);
read_data.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
if (!pm.hasSystemFeature(PackageManager.FEATURE_NFC)) {
try {
AlertDialog.Builder builder = new AlertDialog.Builder(Add_Daily_Expense.this);
builder.setMessage("NFC feature is not available on this device!")
.setCancelable(false)
.setPositiveButton("OK", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int id) {
dialog.cancel();
}
});
AlertDialog alert = builder.create();
alert.show();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
} else {
Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "NFC feature is available on this device!", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
HandleIntent(getIntent());
}
}
});
}
public void HandleIntent(Intent intent)
{
String action = intent.getAction();
if(NfcAdapter.ACTION_NDEF_DISCOVERED.equals(action))
{
detected_tag = getIntent().getParcelableExtra(nfcAdapter.EXTRA_TAG);
NDefReaderTask NDefReader = new NDefReaderTask();
NDefReader.execute();
}
}
public void onResume()
{
super.onResume();
if(nfcAdapter != null)
setupForeGroundDispatch(this, nfcAdapter);
}
public void onPause()
{
super.onPause();
if(nfcAdapter != null)
stopForeGroundDispatch(this, nfcAdapter);
}
public void onNewIntent(Intent intent)
{
HandleIntent(intent);
}
public void setupForeGroundDispatch (final Activity activity, NfcAdapter nfcAdapter)
{
Intent new_intent = new Intent(getApplicationContext(),Add_Daily_Expense.class);
new_intent.setFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_SINGLE_TOP);
PendingIntent pendingIntent = PendingIntent.getActivity(getApplicationContext(),0,new_intent,0);
intentFilters = new IntentFilter[1];
String[][] techList = new String[][]{};
intentFilters[0] = new IntentFilter();
intentFilters[0].addAction(NfcAdapter.ACTION_NDEF_DISCOVERED);
intentFilters[0].addCategory(Intent.CATEGORY_DEFAULT);
try {
intentFilters[0].addDataType(MIME_TEXT_PLAIN);
intentFilters[0].addDataType(MIME_IMAGE_ALL);
}
catch(IntentFilter.MalformedMimeTypeException me)
{
me.printStackTrace();
}
nfcAdapter.enableForegroundDispatch(activity, pendingIntent, intentFilters, techList);
}
public void stopForeGroundDispatch (final Activity activity, NfcAdapter nfcAdapter)
{
nfcAdapter.disableForegroundDispatch(activity);
}
public class NDefReaderTask extends AsyncTask <Tag, Void, String>
{
@Override
protected String doInBackground(Tag... params)
{
try
{
detected_tag = params[0];
Ndef ndef = Ndef.get(detected_tag);
ndef.connect();
if(ndef != null)
{
NdefMessage ndefMessage = ndef.getCachedNdefMessage();
NdefRecord[] records = ndefMessage.getRecords();
for(NdefRecord ndefRecord : records)
{
if((ndefRecord.getTnf() == NdefRecord.TNF_ABSOLUTE_URI) || (ndefRecord.getTnf() == NdefRecord.TNF_WELL_KNOWN))
{
byte[] payload = ndefRecord.getPayload();
String encoding1 = "UTF-8";
String encoding2 = "UTF-16";
String textEncoding = ((payload[0] & 128) == 0) ? encoding1 : encoding2;
int languageCodeLength = payload[0] & 0063;
return new String(payload, languageCodeLength + 1, payload.length - languageCodeLength - 1, textEncoding);
}
}
}
ndef.close();
}
catch (UnsupportedEncodingException UE)
{
UE.printStackTrace();
}
catch (IOException IE)
{
IE.printStackTrace();
}
return null;
}
@Override
protected void onPreExecute()
{
}
protected void onPostExecute(String result)
{
if(result != null)
{
show_data.setText(result);
}
}
}
}
我的问题是:我在这里做什么错?还有其他方法可以通过伪造NFC标签扫描来测试我的应用程序吗?
解决方案
您为NDEF_DISCOVERED意向过滤器指定MIME类型过滤器:
<data android:mimeType="text/plain"/>
<data android:mimeType="image/*" />
因此，伪造的NFC意图需要包含这些MIME类型之一以匹配意图过滤器.您可以使用setType()方法将类型信息添加到意图中:
public void scan_tag (View view) {
final Intent intent = new Intent(NfcAdapter.ACTION_NDEF_DISCOVERED);
intent.setType("text/plain");
intent.putExtra(NfcAdapter.EXTRA_NDEF_MESSAGES, ...);
startActivity(intent);
}
还要注意，上面的代码不会将标签句柄添加到NFC意图中.因此，您无法通过
获得Tag对象
detected_tag = getIntent().getParcelableExtra(nfcAdapter.EXTRA_TAG);
因此，您也无法使用
public class Add_Daily_Expense extends AppCompatActivity {
Button read_data;
TextView show_data;
Tag detected_tag;
NfcAdapter nfcAdapter;
IntentFilter[] intentFilters;
public static final String MIME_TEXT_PLAIN = "text/plain";
public static final String MIME_IMAGE_ALL = "image/*";
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_add__daily__expense);
final PackageManager pm = this.getPackageManager();
show_data = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.show_data);
nfcAdapter = NfcAdapter.getDefaultAdapter(getApplicationContext());
read_data = (Button) findViewById(R.id.read_nfc);
read_data.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
if (!pm.hasSystemFeature(PackageManager.FEATURE_NFC)) {
try {
AlertDialog.Builder builder = new AlertDialog.Builder(Add_Daily_Expense.this);
builder.setMessage("NFC feature is not available on this device!")
.setCancelable(false)
.setPositiveButton("OK", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int id) {
dialog.cancel();
}
});
AlertDialog alert = builder.create();
alert.show();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
} else {
Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "NFC feature is available on this device!", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
HandleIntent(getIntent());
}
}
});
}
public void HandleIntent(Intent intent)
{
String action = intent.getAction();
if(NfcAdapter.ACTION_NDEF_DISCOVERED.equals(action))
{
detected_tag = getIntent().getParcelableExtra(nfcAdapter.EXTRA_TAG);
NDefReaderTask NDefReader = new NDefReaderTask();
NDefReader.execute();
}
}
public void onResume()
{
super.onResume();
if(nfcAdapter != null)
setupForeGroundDispatch(this, nfcAdapter);
}
public void onPause()
{
super.onPause();
if(nfcAdapter != null)
stopForeGroundDispatch(this, nfcAdapter);
}
public void onNewIntent(Intent intent)
{
HandleIntent(intent);
}
public void setupForeGroundDispatch (final Activity activity, NfcAdapter nfcAdapter)
{
Intent new_intent = new Intent(getApplicationContext(),Add_Daily_Expense.class);
new_intent.setFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_SINGLE_TOP);
PendingIntent pendingIntent = PendingIntent.getActivity(getApplicationContext(),0,new_intent,0);
intentFilters = new IntentFilter[1];
String[][] techList = new String[][]{};
intentFilters[0] = new IntentFilter();
intentFilters[0].addAction(NfcAdapter.ACTION_NDEF_DISCOVERED);
intentFilters[0].addCategory(Intent.CATEGORY_DEFAULT);
try {
intentFilters[0].addDataType(MIME_TEXT_PLAIN);
intentFilters[0].addDataType(MIME_IMAGE_ALL);
}
catch(IntentFilter.MalformedMimeTypeException me)
{
me.printStackTrace();
}
nfcAdapter.enableForegroundDispatch(activity, pendingIntent, intentFilters, techList);
}
public void stopForeGroundDispatch (final Activity activity, NfcAdapter nfcAdapter)
{
nfcAdapter.disableForegroundDispatch(activity);
}
public class NDefReaderTask extends AsyncTask <Tag, Void, String>
{
@Override
protected String doInBackground(Tag... params)
{
try
{
detected_tag = params[0];
Ndef ndef = Ndef.get(detected_tag);
ndef.connect();
if(ndef != null)
{
NdefMessage ndefMessage = ndef.getCachedNdefMessage();
NdefRecord[] records = ndefMessage.getRecords();
for(NdefRecord ndefRecord : records)
{
if((ndefRecord.getTnf() == NdefRecord.TNF_ABSOLUTE_URI) || (ndefRecord.getTnf() == NdefRecord.TNF_WELL_KNOWN))
{
byte[] payload = ndefRecord.getPayload();
String encoding1 = "UTF-8";
String encoding2 = "UTF-16";
String textEncoding = ((payload[0] & 128) == 0) ? encoding1 : encoding2;
int languageCodeLength = payload[0] & 0063;
return new String(payload, languageCodeLength + 1, payload.length - languageCodeLength - 1, textEncoding);
}
}
}
ndef.close();
}
catch (UnsupportedEncodingException UE)
{
UE.printStackTrace();
}
catch (IOException IE)
{
IE.printStackTrace();
}
return null;
}
@Override
protected void onPreExecute()
{
}
protected void onPostExecute(String result)
{
if(result != null)
{
show_data.setText(result);
}
}
}
}
获得Ndef连接类的实例.
Ndef ndef = Ndef.get(detected_tag);
您可能要研究以下与模拟标签对象有关的问题/答案:
最后，请注意您的代码中还有其他几个问题.
I am new to Android, working on Near Field Communication for reading data from NFC tags. Neither I have NFC supported Android mobile nor NFC tags to test the application I created.
I found the below two posts which says about faking NFC tag scans by triggering an Intent.
I changed my code according to the first post, where on click of a button I am triggering the required Intent in the 1st activity. Whereas I have created one more activity capable of handling that same intent. The reading of NFC tag and handling data is based on a button click on the 2nd activity.
The problem is: Whenever I am triggering the fake NFC tag scan intent from the 1st activity, it is throwing an error "No Activity found to handle Intent { act=android.nfc.action.NDEF_DISCOVERED (has extras) }".
The Manifest file goes like this:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
package="com.expensemanager.saubhattacharya">
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"/>
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"/>
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.NFC"/>
<uses-feature android:name="android.hardware.nfc" android:required="false" />
<application
android:allowBackup="true"
android:icon="@mipmap/icon1"
android:label="@string/app_name"
android:supportsRtl="true"
android:theme="@style/AppTheme">
<activity
android:name=".MainActivity"
android:label="@string/app_name"
android:theme="@style/AppTheme.NoActionBar">
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
<category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
</intent-filter>
</activity>
<activity
android:name=".Set_Monthly_Target"
android:label="@string/title_activity_set__monthly__target"
android:parentActivityName=".MainActivity">
<meta-data
android:name="android.support.PARENT_ACTIVITY"
android:value="com.expensemanager.saubhattacharya.MainActivity" />
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.nfc.action.NDEF_DISCOVERED" />
<category android:name="android.intent.category.DEFAULT" />
<data android:mimeType="text/plain"/>
<data android:mimeType="image/*" />
</intent-filter>
</activity>
<activity
android:name=".Add_Daily_Expense"
android:label="@string/add_daily_expense_activity"
android:parentActivityName=".MainActivity">
<meta-data
android:name="android.support.PARENT_ACTIVITY"
android:value="com.expensemanager.saubhattacharya.MainActivity" />
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.nfc.action.NDEF_DISCOVERED" />
<category android:name="android.intent.category.DEFAULT" />
<data android:mimeType="text/plain"/>
<data android:mimeType="image/*" />
</intent-filter>
</activity>
</application>
</manifest>
The intent trigger code snippet from the 1st activity is below:
public void scan_tag (View view)
{
final Intent intent = new Intent(NfcAdapter.ACTION_NDEF_DISCOVERED);
intent.putExtra(NfcAdapter.EXTRA_NDEF_MESSAGES, "Custom Messages");
startActivity(intent);
}
The code snippet from the 2nd activity, which handles the above trigger is below:
public class Add_Daily_Expense extends AppCompatActivity {
Button read_data;
TextView show_data;
Tag detected_tag;
NfcAdapter nfcAdapter;
IntentFilter[] intentFilters;
public static final String MIME_TEXT_PLAIN = "text/plain";
public static final String MIME_IMAGE_ALL = "image/*";
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_add__daily__expense);
final PackageManager pm = this.getPackageManager();
show_data = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.show_data);
nfcAdapter = NfcAdapter.getDefaultAdapter(getApplicationContext());
read_data = (Button) findViewById(R.id.read_nfc);
read_data.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
if (!pm.hasSystemFeature(PackageManager.FEATURE_NFC)) {
try {
AlertDialog.Builder builder = new AlertDialog.Builder(Add_Daily_Expense.this);
builder.setMessage("NFC feature is not available on this device!")
.setCancelable(false)
.setPositiveButton("OK", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int id) {
dialog.cancel();
}
});
AlertDialog alert = builder.create();
alert.show();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
} else {
Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "NFC feature is available on this device!", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
HandleIntent(getIntent());
}
}
});
}
public void HandleIntent(Intent intent)
{
String action = intent.getAction();
if(NfcAdapter.ACTION_NDEF_DISCOVERED.equals(action))
{
detected_tag = getIntent().getParcelableExtra(nfcAdapter.EXTRA_TAG);
NDefReaderTask NDefReader = new NDefReaderTask();
NDefReader.execute();
}
}
public void onResume()
{
super.onResume();
if(nfcAdapter != null)
setupForeGroundDispatch(this, nfcAdapter);
}
public void onPause()
{
super.onPause();
if(nfcAdapter != null)
stopForeGroundDispatch(this, nfcAdapter);
}
public void onNewIntent(Intent intent)
{
HandleIntent(intent);
}
public void setupForeGroundDispatch (final Activity activity, NfcAdapter nfcAdapter)
{
Intent new_intent = new Intent(getApplicationContext(),Add_Daily_Expense.class);
new_intent.setFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_SINGLE_TOP);
PendingIntent pendingIntent = PendingIntent.getActivity(getApplicationContext(),0,new_intent,0);
intentFilters = new IntentFilter[1];
String[][] techList = new String[][]{};
intentFilters[0] = new IntentFilter();
intentFilters[0].addAction(NfcAdapter.ACTION_NDEF_DISCOVERED);
intentFilters[0].addCategory(Intent.CATEGORY_DEFAULT);
try {
intentFilters[0].addDataType(MIME_TEXT_PLAIN);
intentFilters[0].addDataType(MIME_IMAGE_ALL);
}
catch(IntentFilter.MalformedMimeTypeException me)
{
me.printStackTrace();
}
nfcAdapter.enableForegroundDispatch(activity, pendingIntent, intentFilters, techList);
}
public void stopForeGroundDispatch (final Activity activity, NfcAdapter nfcAdapter)
{
nfcAdapter.disableForegroundDispatch(activity);
}
public class NDefReaderTask extends AsyncTask <Tag, Void, String>
{
@Override
protected String doInBackground(Tag... params)
{
try
{
detected_tag = params[0];
Ndef ndef = Ndef.get(detected_tag);
ndef.connect();
if(ndef != null)
{
NdefMessage ndefMessage = ndef.getCachedNdefMessage();
NdefRecord[] records = ndefMessage.getRecords();
for(NdefRecord ndefRecord : records)
{
if((ndefRecord.getTnf() == NdefRecord.TNF_ABSOLUTE_URI) || (ndefRecord.getTnf() == NdefRecord.TNF_WELL_KNOWN))
{
byte[] payload = ndefRecord.getPayload();
String encoding1 = "UTF-8";
String encoding2 = "UTF-16";
String textEncoding = ((payload[0] & 128) == 0) ? encoding1 : encoding2;
int languageCodeLength = payload[0] & 0063;
return new String(payload, languageCodeLength + 1, payload.length - languageCodeLength - 1, textEncoding);
}
}
}
ndef.close();
}
catch (UnsupportedEncodingException UE)
{
UE.printStackTrace();
}
catch (IOException IE)
{
IE.printStackTrace();
}
return null;
}
@Override
protected void onPreExecute()
{
}
protected void onPostExecute(String result)
{
if(result != null)
{
show_data.setText(result);
}
}
}
}
My question is: What is wrong I am doing here? Is there any other way to test my app by faking the NFC tag scan?
解决方案
You specify a MIME type filter for the NDEF_DISCOVERED intent filter:
<data android:mimeType="text/plain"/>
<data android:mimeType="image/*" />
Consequently, the fake NFC intent needs to contain one of these MIME types to match the intent filter. You can add the type information to the intent using the setType() method:
public void scan_tag (View view) {
final Intent intent = new Intent(NfcAdapter.ACTION_NDEF_DISCOVERED);
intent.setType("text/plain");
intent.putExtra(NfcAdapter.EXTRA_NDEF_MESSAGES, ...);
startActivity(intent);
}
Also note that the above code won't add a tag handle to the NFC intent. Hence, you can't obtain a Tag object with
detected_tag = getIntent().getParcelableExtra(nfcAdapter.EXTRA_TAG);
Consequently, you also can't obtain an instance of the Ndef connection class using
Ndef ndef = Ndef.get(detected_tag);
You might want to look into the following questions/answers regarding mock tag objects:
- How to mock a Android NFC Tag object for unit testing
- Is there a way to create an ACTION_NDEF_DISCOVERED intent from code
- How to simulate the tag touch from other application
Finally, be aware that there are several other issues in your code.
这篇关于通过伪造NFC标签扫描来测试应用的文章就介绍到这了，希望我们推荐的答案对大家有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持IT屋！
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