在包中定义类 [英] Define Classes in Packages

问题描述

我正在学习Python，并且一直在研究软件包.我想知道在包中定义类的最佳方法.似乎在包中定义类的唯一方法是在该包的__init__.py中定义它们.来自Java，我想为类定义单个文件.这是推荐做法吗?

I'm learning Python and I have been playing around with packages. I wanted to know the best way to define classes in packages. It seems that the only way to define classes in a package is to define them in the __init__.py of that package. Coming from Java, I'd kind of like to define individual files for my classes. Is this a recommended practice?

我想让我的目录看起来像这样:

I'd like to have my directory look somewhat like this:

recursor/
    __init__.py
    RecursionException.py
    RecursionResult.py
    Recursor.py

所以我可以将我的类称为recursor.Recursor，recursor.RecursionException和recursor.RecursionResult.这是可行的还是在Python中推荐?

So I could refer to my classes as recursor.Recursor, recursor.RecursionException, and recursor.RecursionResult. Is this doable or recommended in Python?

推荐答案

继续在单独的模块中定义类.然后让__init__.py做这样的事情:

Go ahead and define your classes in separate modules. Then make __init__.py do something like this:

from RecursionException import RecursionException
from RecursionResult import RecursionResult
from Recursor import Recursor

这会将每个类导入包的根名称空间，因此调用代码可以引用recursor.Recursor而不是recursor.Recursor.Recursor.

That will import each class into the package's root namespace, so calling code can refer to recursor.Recursor instead of recursor.Recursor.Recursor.

不过，我觉得有必要在这里回应其他一些评论:Python不是Java.我建议不要将密切相关的类分组到单个模块中，而不是为阳光下的每个类创建一个新的模块.这样一来，您的代码就更容易理解，并且调用代码不需要大量的导入.

I feel the need to echo some of the other comments here, though: Python is not Java. Rather than creating a new module for every class under the sun, I suggest grouping closely related classes into a single module. It's easier to understand your code that way, and calling code won't need a bazillion imports.

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