django文件上传:[Errno 13]权限被拒绝:'/static' [英] django file upload: [Errno 13] Permission denied: '/static'

问题描述

我正在尝试在Django中上传几个文件.在我在服务器上使用djangos构建的本地机器上，一切正常，但是在我的生产力服务器上，出现此错误:

I am trying to upload several files in django. On my local maching where I use the djangos build in server everything works fine but on my productivity server I get this error:

[Errno 13] Permission denied: '/static'

关于此问题有很多问题，但我发现没有任何帮助. 就我而言，它与文件权限无关.我发现问题是django希望将文件保存在我的文件系统的根文件夹中，而不是我的网站的根文件夹中.如果我在"/static"中创建文件夹，则将在此处创建文件，但是例如图像不会显示在网页上，因为django希望它们在"/var/www/webpage-root/static/..."中

There are many questions about this issue but nothing I found worked for me. In my case it has nothing to do with file permissions. I found out that the problem is that django want save the files in the root folder of my filesystem and not in the root folder of my website. If I create the folder in '/static' the files will be created there but images for example are not shown on the webpage because django expects them in '/var/www/webpage-root/static/...'

我使用模型来存储文件:

I use a model to store files:

class Document(models.Model):
    title = models.CharField(max_length=100, blank=True, null=False)
    document = models.FileField(upload_to='static/bachelor/documents/', max_length=500, blank=True, null=True)

并以这种方式保存它们:

and save them in this way:

if form.is_valid():
    data = request.FILES['document']
    doc = Document(document=data)
    doc.save()

如此处所述: https://docs.djangoproject.com /en/dev/topics/http/file-uploads/

我使用Apache和mod_wsgi. apache文件如下所示:

I use Apache and mod_wsgi. The apache file looks like this:

<VirtualHost *:80>
    ServerAdmin [e-mail]
    ServerName webpage.de
    ServerAlias www.webpage.de
    DocumentRoot /var/www/webpage

    Alias /media /var/www/webpage/webpage/
    Alias /static /var/www/webpage/static/

    <Directory /var/www/webpage>
        Order allow,deny
        Allow from all
    </Directory>

    WSGIScriptAlias / /var/www/webpage/apache/webpage.wsgi
    <Directory /var/www/webpage>
            Options Indexes FollowSymLinks MultiViews
            AllowOverride None
            Order allow,deny
            allow from all
    </Directory>

    ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/webpage-error.log

    # Possible values include: debug, info, notice, warn, error, crit,
    # alert, emerg.
    LogLevel warn

    CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/webpage-access.log combined
</VirtualHost>

我的网站的设置文件:

# Absolute filesystem path to the directory that will hold user-uploaded files.
# Example: "/var/www/example.com/media/"
MEDIA_ROOT = ''

# URL that handles the media served from MEDIA_ROOT. Make sure to use a
# trailing slash.
# Examples: "http://example.com/media/", "http://media.example.com/"
MEDIA_URL = ''

# Absolute path to the directory static files should be collected to.
# Don't put anything in this directory yourself; store your static files
# in apps' "static/" subdirectories and in STATICFILES_DIRS.
# Example: "/var/www/example.com/static/"
STATIC_ROOT = ''

# URL prefix for static files.
# Example: "http://example.com/static/", "http://static.example.com/"
STATIC_URL = '/static/'

# Additional locations of static files
STATICFILES_DIRS = (
    '/var/www/website/static/',
    '/home/michael/Development/website/static/',
    # Put strings here, like "/home/html/static" or "C:/www/django/static".
    # Always use forward slashes, even on Windows.
    # Don't forget to use absolute paths, not relative paths.
)

# List of finder classes that know how to find static files in
# various locations.
STATICFILES_FINDERS = (
    'django.contrib.staticfiles.finders.FileSystemFinder',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles.finders.AppDirectoriesFinder',
    # 'django.contrib.staticfiles.finders.DefaultStorageFinder',
)

我必须在STATICFILES_DIRS中设置两个不同的路径，因为我在服务于服务器上的静态文件时遇到了问题.通过这两行，我可以在开发机器和公共服务器runnig apache的两端提供静态文件.

I had to set two different paths in STATICFILES_DIRS because I already had problems to serve static files on my server. With this two lines I can serve static files on both ends, on my development machine and my public server runnig apache.

我错过了配置中的某些内容吗?我不知道为什么apache要在/static而不是/var/www/website/static中上传文件，但我认为可能是因为我的apache配置有问题...

Did I miss something in my configuration or is there something wrong? I dont know why apache wants upload the files in /static instead of /var/www/website/static but I think it can be because of a problem with my apache configuration...

有任何想法或可以帮助我吗?

Has anyone an idea or can help me please?

非常感谢

推荐答案

您上载媒体的Apache配置:

Your Apache configuration for the uploaded media:

Alias /media /var/www/webpage/webpage/

与您的Django设置不同步:

is not in-sync with your Django settings:

# Absolute filesystem path to the directory that will hold user-uploaded files.
# Example: "/var/www/example.com/media/"
MEDIA_ROOT = ''

# URL that handles the media served from MEDIA_ROOT. Make sure to use a
# trailing slash.
# Examples: "http://example.com/media/", "http://media.example.com/"
MEDIA_URL = ''

根据您的Apache配置，您应该具有MEDIA_ROOT = '/var/www/webpage/webpage/'和MEDIA_URL = '/media/'.

Based on your Apache configuration you should have MEDIA_ROOT = '/var/www/webpage/webpage/' and MEDIA_URL = '/media/'.

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