pygame多线程，程序崩溃 [英] MultiThreading with pygame, program crashing
本文介绍了pygame多线程，程序崩溃的处理方法，对大家解决问题具有一定的参考价值，需要的朋友们下面随着小编来一起学习吧！
问题描述
大家好，在此先感谢您的帮助.我刚刚发现了pygame(一个用于python的库)，我想玩一点，但是我遇到了一个问题.我尝试在代码中使用线程，但是每次启动程序时，该程序始终崩溃.
我已经隔离了问题，并且我知道是导致崩溃的原因是thread_1，因为当我注释掉它时，一切都可以正常工作.我试图更改thread_1函数的代码，但是仍然崩溃.我很确定不是导致崩溃的函数animateTitle的内容，而是我使用线程的方式.
import pygame
from pygame.locals import *
from threading import Thread
def encadre(screen):
pygame.draw.line(screen, (250, 250, 250), (230, 140), (520, 140), 3)
pygame.draw.line(screen, (250, 250, 250), (230, 190), (520, 190), 3)
pygame.draw.line(screen, (250, 250, 250), (230, 140), (230, 190), 3)
pygame.draw.line(screen, (250, 250, 250), (520, 140), (520, 190), 3)
def initRoad(screen):
pygame.draw.line(screen, (250, 250, 250), (30, 0), (30, 500))
pygame.draw.line(screen, (250, 250, 250), (100, 0), (100, 500))
pygame.draw.line(screen, (250, 250, 250), (650, 0), (650, 500))
pygame.draw.line(screen, (250, 250, 250), (720, 0), (720, 500))
drawLines(screen)
def drawLines(screen):
i = 0
while i <= 49:
pygame.draw.line(screen, (250, 250, 250), (65, i * 10), (65, (i + 1) * 10))
pygame.draw.line(screen, (250, 250, 250), (685, i * 10), (685, (i + 1) * 10))
i = i + 3
def initText(screen, text1):
text1pos = text1.get_rect()
text1pos.x = 235
text1pos.y = 150
screen.blit(text1, text1pos)
font1 = pygame.font.Font(None, 30)
text1 = font1.render("PLAY", 1, (10, 10, 10))
text1pos = text1.get_rect()
text1pos.x = 210
text1pos.y = 310
screen.blit(text1, text1pos)
font1 = pygame.font.Font(None, 30)
text1 = font1.render("QUIT", 1, (10, 10, 10))
text1pos = text1.get_rect()
text1pos.x = 490
text1pos.y = 310
screen.blit(text1, text1pos)
def animateRoad(screen): # not done
pygame.draw.line(screen, (130, 130, 130), (65, 0), (65, 500))
pygame.draw.line(screen, (130, 130, 130), (685, 0), (685, 500))
def animateTitle(screen, text1):
text1pos = text1.get_rect()
while True:
pygame.draw.rect(screen, (130, 130, 130), (235, 150, 283, 35))
pygame.display.flip()
pygame.time.wait(500)
text1pos.x = 235
text1pos.y = 150
screen.blit(text1, text1pos)
pygame.display.flip()
pygame.time.wait(1000)
def loop(surface1, surface2):
while True:
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == QUIT:
return
if event.type == pygame.MOUSEBUTTONDOWN:
if surface1.topleft[0] <= pygame.mouse.get_pos()[0] <= surface1.topright[0]:
if surface1.topleft[1] <= pygame.mouse.get_pos()[1] <= surface1.bottomleft[1]:
print('play')
if surface2.topleft[0] <= pygame.mouse.get_pos()[0] <= surface2.topright[0]:
if surface2.topleft[1] <= pygame.mouse.get_pos()[1] <= surface2.bottomleft[1]:
return
pygame.display.flip()
pygame.time.wait(10)
def main():
pygame.init()
screen = pygame.display.set_mode((750, 500))
pygame.display.set_caption('Infinite circle run')
background = pygame.Surface(screen.get_size())
background = background.convert()
background.fill((130, 130, 130))
screen.blit(background, (0, 0))
encadre(screen)
initRoad(screen)
surface1 = pygame.Rect(193, 290, 85, 50)
button1 = pygame.draw.rect(screen, (0, 0, 240), surface1)
surface2 = pygame.Rect(472, 290, 85, 50)
button2 = pygame.draw.rect(screen, (240, 0, 0), surface2)
font1 = pygame.font.Font(None, 50)
text1 = font1.render("Infinite circle run", 1, (0, 240, 0))
initText(screen, text1)
pygame.display.flip()
thread_1 = Thread(target=animateTitle(screen, text1), daemon=True)
thread_2 = Thread(target=loop(surface1, surface2))
# thread_3 = Thread(target=animateRoad(screen))
thread_1.start()
thread_2.start()
# thread_3.start()
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
解决方案
线程导致许多问题，通常的经验法则是避免不必要的问题.它们使您的程序不确定，难以调试，难以测试，难以维护且速度较慢(大多数情况下).在您的程序中，没有使用线程的理由.相反，您应该按顺序执行操作. Pygame会在必要时隐式创建线程(例如，在处理pygame.mixer时)
为什么不起作用，是因为pygame希望所有事件处理都在设置视频的线程中发生模式(pygame使用的是SDL2，因此是该链接).您无法在另一个线程中处理它们，并且由于不正确地处理它们，操作系统将认为您的程序已崩溃.
我举了一个例子来展示制作动画的一种方法.这个概念是您告诉pygame，经过一定时间后，您想要发布一个事件.当该事件出现在您的事件循环中时，您需要执行一些操作.
在您的情况下，您告诉pygame在500毫秒后发布DRAW_TEXT_EVENT.当此事件出现在事件循环中时，您首先要告诉pygame不要再发布DRAW_TEXT_EVENT，而是要在1000ms之后发布CLEAR_TEXT_EVENT.然后绘制文本.
1000ms之后，CLEAR_TEXT_EVENT将出现在事件循环中.现在您基本上执行相同的操作，但是禁用CLEAR_TEXT_EVENT并告诉pygame在500ms之后发布DRAW_TEXT_EVENT.
我在您的代码中没有做太多更改.我在顶部为事件添加了2个定义.我已经删除了您的函数loop和animateTitle，并将它们放入游戏循环中.最后，我在main函数中添加了游戏循环.
import pygame
from pygame.locals import *
# Events that we're going to post.
DRAW_TEXT_EVENT = pygame.USEREVENT + 1
CLEAR_TEXT_EVENT = pygame.USEREVENT + 2
def encadre(screen):
pygame.draw.line(screen, (250, 250, 250), (230, 140), (520, 140), 3)
pygame.draw.line(screen, (250, 250, 250), (230, 190), (520, 190), 3)
pygame.draw.line(screen, (250, 250, 250), (230, 140), (230, 190), 3)
pygame.draw.line(screen, (250, 250, 250), (520, 140), (520, 190), 3)
def initRoad(screen):
pygame.draw.line(screen, (250, 250, 250), (30, 0), (30, 500))
pygame.draw.line(screen, (250, 250, 250), (100, 0), (100, 500))
pygame.draw.line(screen, (250, 250, 250), (650, 0), (650, 500))
pygame.draw.line(screen, (250, 250, 250), (720, 0), (720, 500))
drawLines(screen)
def drawLines(screen):
i = 0
while i <= 49:
pygame.draw.line(screen, (250, 250, 250), (65, i * 10), (65, (i + 1) * 10))
pygame.draw.line(screen, (250, 250, 250), (685, i * 10), (685, (i + 1) * 10))
i = i + 3
def initText(screen, text1):
text1pos = text1.get_rect()
text1pos.x = 235
text1pos.y = 150
screen.blit(text1, text1pos)
font1 = pygame.font.Font(None, 30)
text1 = font1.render("PLAY", 1, (10, 10, 10))
text1pos = text1.get_rect()
text1pos.x = 210
text1pos.y = 310
screen.blit(text1, text1pos)
font1 = pygame.font.Font(None, 30)
text1 = font1.render("QUIT", 1, (10, 10, 10))
text1pos = text1.get_rect()
text1pos.x = 490
text1pos.y = 310
screen.blit(text1, text1pos)
def animateRoad(screen): # not done
pygame.draw.line(screen, (130, 130, 130), (65, 0), (65, 500))
pygame.draw.line(screen, (130, 130, 130), (685, 0), (685, 500))
def main():
pygame.init()
screen = pygame.display.set_mode((750, 500))
pygame.display.set_caption('Infinite circle run')
background = pygame.Surface(screen.get_size())
background = background.convert()
background.fill((130, 130, 130))
screen.blit(background, (0, 0))
encadre(screen)
initRoad(screen)
surface1 = pygame.Rect(193, 290, 85, 50)
button1 = pygame.draw.rect(screen, (0, 0, 240), surface1)
surface2 = pygame.Rect(472, 290, 85, 50)
button2 = pygame.draw.rect(screen, (240, 0, 0), surface2)
font1 = pygame.font.Font(None, 50)
text1 = font1.render("Infinite circle run", 1, (0, 240, 0))
initText(screen, text1)
pygame.display.flip()
pygame.time.set_timer(DRAW_TEXT_EVENT, 500)
text1pos = text1.get_rect()
# GAME LOOP
while True:
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == QUIT:
return
elif event.type == pygame.MOUSEBUTTONDOWN:
if surface1.topleft[0] <= pygame.mouse.get_pos()[0] <= surface1.topright[0]:
if surface1.topleft[1] <= pygame.mouse.get_pos()[1] <= surface1.bottomleft[1]:
print('play')
elif surface2.topleft[0] <= pygame.mouse.get_pos()[0] <= surface2.topright[0]:
if surface2.topleft[1] <= pygame.mouse.get_pos()[1] <= surface2.bottomleft[1]:
return
elif event.type == DRAW_TEXT_EVENT:
pygame.draw.rect(screen, (130, 130, 130), (235, 150, 283, 35))
pygame.time.set_timer(DRAW_TEXT_EVENT, 0) # Disable the event.
pygame.time.set_timer(CLEAR_TEXT_EVENT, 1000) # Post event after 1000ms.
elif event.type == CLEAR_TEXT_EVENT:
text1pos.x = 235
text1pos.y = 150
screen.blit(text1, text1pos)
pygame.time.set_timer(CLEAR_TEXT_EVENT, 0) # Disable the event.
pygame.time.set_timer(DRAW_TEXT_EVENT, 500) # Post event after 500ms.
# Only call once each frame!
pygame.display.flip()
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
Hi everyone and thank you in advance for your help. I've just discovered pygame (a library for python) and I wanted to play a bit with it but I'm facing a problem. I tried to use threads in my code but the program keeps crashing each time I launch it.
I have isolated the problem and I know that it is thread_1 that causes the crash because when I comment it out everything works again. I have tried to change the code of the function of thread_1, but it still crashes. I'm pretty sure it's not the content of the function animateTitle that causes the crash but the way I'm using threads.
import pygame
from pygame.locals import *
from threading import Thread
def encadre(screen):
pygame.draw.line(screen, (250, 250, 250), (230, 140), (520, 140), 3)
pygame.draw.line(screen, (250, 250, 250), (230, 190), (520, 190), 3)
pygame.draw.line(screen, (250, 250, 250), (230, 140), (230, 190), 3)
pygame.draw.line(screen, (250, 250, 250), (520, 140), (520, 190), 3)
def initRoad(screen):
pygame.draw.line(screen, (250, 250, 250), (30, 0), (30, 500))
pygame.draw.line(screen, (250, 250, 250), (100, 0), (100, 500))
pygame.draw.line(screen, (250, 250, 250), (650, 0), (650, 500))
pygame.draw.line(screen, (250, 250, 250), (720, 0), (720, 500))
drawLines(screen)
def drawLines(screen):
i = 0
while i <= 49:
pygame.draw.line(screen, (250, 250, 250), (65, i * 10), (65, (i + 1) * 10))
pygame.draw.line(screen, (250, 250, 250), (685, i * 10), (685, (i + 1) * 10))
i = i + 3
def initText(screen, text1):
text1pos = text1.get_rect()
text1pos.x = 235
text1pos.y = 150
screen.blit(text1, text1pos)
font1 = pygame.font.Font(None, 30)
text1 = font1.render("PLAY", 1, (10, 10, 10))
text1pos = text1.get_rect()
text1pos.x = 210
text1pos.y = 310
screen.blit(text1, text1pos)
font1 = pygame.font.Font(None, 30)
text1 = font1.render("QUIT", 1, (10, 10, 10))
text1pos = text1.get_rect()
text1pos.x = 490
text1pos.y = 310
screen.blit(text1, text1pos)
def animateRoad(screen): # not done
pygame.draw.line(screen, (130, 130, 130), (65, 0), (65, 500))
pygame.draw.line(screen, (130, 130, 130), (685, 0), (685, 500))
def animateTitle(screen, text1):
text1pos = text1.get_rect()
while True:
pygame.draw.rect(screen, (130, 130, 130), (235, 150, 283, 35))
pygame.display.flip()
pygame.time.wait(500)
text1pos.x = 235
text1pos.y = 150
screen.blit(text1, text1pos)
pygame.display.flip()
pygame.time.wait(1000)
def loop(surface1, surface2):
while True:
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == QUIT:
return
if event.type == pygame.MOUSEBUTTONDOWN:
if surface1.topleft[0] <= pygame.mouse.get_pos()[0] <= surface1.topright[0]:
if surface1.topleft[1] <= pygame.mouse.get_pos()[1] <= surface1.bottomleft[1]:
print('play')
if surface2.topleft[0] <= pygame.mouse.get_pos()[0] <= surface2.topright[0]:
if surface2.topleft[1] <= pygame.mouse.get_pos()[1] <= surface2.bottomleft[1]:
return
pygame.display.flip()
pygame.time.wait(10)
def main():
pygame.init()
screen = pygame.display.set_mode((750, 500))
pygame.display.set_caption('Infinite circle run')
background = pygame.Surface(screen.get_size())
background = background.convert()
background.fill((130, 130, 130))
screen.blit(background, (0, 0))
encadre(screen)
initRoad(screen)
surface1 = pygame.Rect(193, 290, 85, 50)
button1 = pygame.draw.rect(screen, (0, 0, 240), surface1)
surface2 = pygame.Rect(472, 290, 85, 50)
button2 = pygame.draw.rect(screen, (240, 0, 0), surface2)
font1 = pygame.font.Font(None, 50)
text1 = font1.render("Infinite circle run", 1, (0, 240, 0))
initText(screen, text1)
pygame.display.flip()
thread_1 = Thread(target=animateTitle(screen, text1), daemon=True)
thread_2 = Thread(target=loop(surface1, surface2))
# thread_3 = Thread(target=animateRoad(screen))
thread_1.start()
thread_2.start()
# thread_3.start()
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
解决方案
Threading causes many problems and a general rule of thumb is to avoid them if they aren't necessary. They make your program non-deterministic, harder to debug, harder to test, harder to maintain and slower (most of the time). In your program, there are no reasons to use threads. Instead, you should do things sequentially. Pygame will implicitly create threads whenever necessary (for example when dealing with pygame.mixer)
Why it doesn't work, is because pygame expects all event handling to happen in the thread that set the video mode (pygame is using SDL2, hence that link). You cannot handle them in another thread, and as you don't handle them (correctly), the operating system will think your program has crashed.
I made an example to show one way you could do the animation. The concept is that you tell pygame that after a certain amount of time, you want an event to be posted. When that event appears in your event loop, you do something.
In your case, you tell pygame to post DRAW_TEXT_EVENT after 500 ms. When this event appears in your event loop, you first tell pygame to don't post DRAW_TEXT_EVENT anymore, but to post CLEAR_TEXT_EVENT after 1000ms. Then you draw the text.
After 1000ms, the CLEAR_TEXT_EVENT will appear in your event loop. Now you do basically the same thing, but disable CLEAR_TEXT_EVENT and tell pygame to post DRAW_TEXT_EVENT after 500ms.
I haven't changed much in your code. I added 2 definitions for the events at the top. I've removed your functions loop and animateTitle, and put them into the game loop. Lastly, I've added the game loop in the main function.
import pygame
from pygame.locals import *
# Events that we're going to post.
DRAW_TEXT_EVENT = pygame.USEREVENT + 1
CLEAR_TEXT_EVENT = pygame.USEREVENT + 2
def encadre(screen):
pygame.draw.line(screen, (250, 250, 250), (230, 140), (520, 140), 3)
pygame.draw.line(screen, (250, 250, 250), (230, 190), (520, 190), 3)
pygame.draw.line(screen, (250, 250, 250), (230, 140), (230, 190), 3)
pygame.draw.line(screen, (250, 250, 250), (520, 140), (520, 190), 3)
def initRoad(screen):
pygame.draw.line(screen, (250, 250, 250), (30, 0), (30, 500))
pygame.draw.line(screen, (250, 250, 250), (100, 0), (100, 500))
pygame.draw.line(screen, (250, 250, 250), (650, 0), (650, 500))
pygame.draw.line(screen, (250, 250, 250), (720, 0), (720, 500))
drawLines(screen)
def drawLines(screen):
i = 0
while i <= 49:
pygame.draw.line(screen, (250, 250, 250), (65, i * 10), (65, (i + 1) * 10))
pygame.draw.line(screen, (250, 250, 250), (685, i * 10), (685, (i + 1) * 10))
i = i + 3
def initText(screen, text1):
text1pos = text1.get_rect()
text1pos.x = 235
text1pos.y = 150
screen.blit(text1, text1pos)
font1 = pygame.font.Font(None, 30)
text1 = font1.render("PLAY", 1, (10, 10, 10))
text1pos = text1.get_rect()
text1pos.x = 210
text1pos.y = 310
screen.blit(text1, text1pos)
font1 = pygame.font.Font(None, 30)
text1 = font1.render("QUIT", 1, (10, 10, 10))
text1pos = text1.get_rect()
text1pos.x = 490
text1pos.y = 310
screen.blit(text1, text1pos)
def animateRoad(screen): # not done
pygame.draw.line(screen, (130, 130, 130), (65, 0), (65, 500))
pygame.draw.line(screen, (130, 130, 130), (685, 0), (685, 500))
def main():
pygame.init()
screen = pygame.display.set_mode((750, 500))
pygame.display.set_caption('Infinite circle run')
background = pygame.Surface(screen.get_size())
background = background.convert()
background.fill((130, 130, 130))
screen.blit(background, (0, 0))
encadre(screen)
initRoad(screen)
surface1 = pygame.Rect(193, 290, 85, 50)
button1 = pygame.draw.rect(screen, (0, 0, 240), surface1)
surface2 = pygame.Rect(472, 290, 85, 50)
button2 = pygame.draw.rect(screen, (240, 0, 0), surface2)
font1 = pygame.font.Font(None, 50)
text1 = font1.render("Infinite circle run", 1, (0, 240, 0))
initText(screen, text1)
pygame.display.flip()
pygame.time.set_timer(DRAW_TEXT_EVENT, 500)
text1pos = text1.get_rect()
# GAME LOOP
while True:
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == QUIT:
return
elif event.type == pygame.MOUSEBUTTONDOWN:
if surface1.topleft[0] <= pygame.mouse.get_pos()[0] <= surface1.topright[0]:
if surface1.topleft[1] <= pygame.mouse.get_pos()[1] <= surface1.bottomleft[1]:
print('play')
elif surface2.topleft[0] <= pygame.mouse.get_pos()[0] <= surface2.topright[0]:
if surface2.topleft[1] <= pygame.mouse.get_pos()[1] <= surface2.bottomleft[1]:
return
elif event.type == DRAW_TEXT_EVENT:
pygame.draw.rect(screen, (130, 130, 130), (235, 150, 283, 35))
pygame.time.set_timer(DRAW_TEXT_EVENT, 0) # Disable the event.
pygame.time.set_timer(CLEAR_TEXT_EVENT, 1000) # Post event after 1000ms.
elif event.type == CLEAR_TEXT_EVENT:
text1pos.x = 235
text1pos.y = 150
screen.blit(text1, text1pos)
pygame.time.set_timer(CLEAR_TEXT_EVENT, 0) # Disable the event.
pygame.time.set_timer(DRAW_TEXT_EVENT, 500) # Post event after 500ms.
# Only call once each frame!
pygame.display.flip()
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
这篇关于pygame多线程，程序崩溃的文章就介绍到这了，希望我们推荐的答案对大家有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持IT屋！
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