如何使用SQL将垂直数据转换为水平数据? [英] How to transform vertical data into horizontal data with SQL?
问题描述
我有一个表"Item",其中包含许多相关项,例如:
I have a table "Item" with a number of related items, like so:
ID Rel_ID Name RelRank
--- ------ ---- -------
1 1 foo 1
2 1 bar 2
3 1 zam 3
4 2 foo2 1
我正在尝试查询,以使具有相同Rel_ID的项目出现在同一行中,如下所示:
I'm trying to get a query so items with the same Rel_ID would appear in the same row, like so:
Rel_ID Name1 Name2 Name3
------ ----- ----- -----
1 foo bar zam
2 foo2
我尝试过多次选择表格:
I've tried selecting the table multiple times:
SELECT k.Rel_ID, k.name 'Name1', k2.name 'Name2'
FROM item k, item k2
WHERE k.Rel_ID = k2.Rel_ID
但是这失败了.当然,有一个转换或查询可以大大简化该过程,而我只是想念它,因为我以前从未以这种方式使用过SQL.我想念什么?
But this fails. Surely there's a transformation or query that could drastically simplify the process, and I'm just missing it because I haven't used SQL in this way before. What am I missing?
推荐答案
无论使用哪种数据库,都将尝试实现的概念称为数据透视表".
Regardless of the database you are using, the concept of what you are trying to achieve is called "Pivot Table".
这是mysql的示例: http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/MySQL/Pivot_table
Here's an example for mysql: http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/MySQL/Pivot_table
某些数据库具有内置功能,请参见下面的链接.
Some databases have builtin features for that, see the links below.
SQLServer: http://msdn.microsoft.com/de-de/library/ms177410.aspx
SQLServer: http://msdn.microsoft.com/de-de/library/ms177410.aspx
Oracle: http://www.dba-oracle.com/t_pivot_examples.htm
您始终可以手动创建枢轴.只需选择结果集中的所有聚合,然后从该结果集中选择即可.请注意,在您的情况下,您可以使用concat将所有名称放入一列(我认为这是mysql中的group_concat),因为您不知道有多少名称与rel_id相关.
You can always create a pivot by hand. Just select all the aggregations in a result set and then select from that result set. Note, in your case, you can put all the names into one column using concat (i think that's group_concat in mysql), since you cannot know how many names are related to a a rel_id.
针对您的情况进行伪选择(我不知道mysql):
pseudo-select for your case (i don't know mysql):
select rel_id, group_concat(name) from item group by rel_id
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