如何访问__main__范围内的全局变量? [英] how to access global variable within __main__ scope?

问题描述

我对python中变量的名称空间和范围感到困惑

I'm confused about the namespace and scope of variables in python

假设我有一个test.py:

Suppose I have a test.py:

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""
@author: jason
"""

if __name__ == '__main__':
    global strName
    print strName

然后，我定义一个名为strName的变量，并尝试在test.py中访问它，但是它会引发错误:

and then, I define a variable named strName and try to access it in the test.py, but it throws an error:

In [9]: strName = "Joe"

In [10]: run test.py hello
---------------------------------------------------------------------------  NameError                              Traceback (most recent call last)  C:\Anaconda\lib\site-packages\IPython\utils\py3compat.pyc in execfile(fname, glob, loc)
    195             else:
    196                 filename = fname
--> 197             exec compile(scripttext, filename, 'exec') in glob, loc
    198     else:
    199         def execfile(fname, *where):

d:\playground\test.py in <module>()
     13         print "hello"
     14         global strName
---> 15         print strName
     16 

NameError: global name 'strName' is not defined

In [11]:

我想知道为什么会这样，并且有什么方法可以访问test.py中的strName吗?

I was wondering why this happens and is there any way to access strName in test.py?

推荐答案

global不是全局的. global是模块级别的； min和int等真正的全局变量位于__builtin__模块中(在Python 3中为builtins).在模块级别使用global声明是多余的.

global isn't global. global is module-level; truly global variables like min and int live in the __builtin__ module (builtins in Python 3). Using a global declaration at module level is redundant.

我强烈建议您通过另一种方式将数据传递到test.py，例如在其中定义一个函数并将字符串作为参数传递:

I strongly recommend you pass your data to test.py another way, such as by defining a function in there and passing your string as an argument:

test.py:

def print_thing(thing):
    print thing

其他要使用test.py的代码:

other code that wants to use test.py:

import test
test.print_thing("Joe")

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