否定句算法 [英] Algorithm for Negating Sentences

问题描述

我想知道是否有人熟悉算法否定语句的尝试.

I was wondering if anyone was familiar with any attempts at algorithmic sentence negation.

例如，给定一个类似这本书不错"的句子，可以提供任意数量的替代句子，其含义与之相反，例如这本书不好"甚至这本书不好".

For example, given a sentence like "This book is good" provide any number of alternative sentences meaning the opposite like "This book is not good" or even "This book is bad".

很显然，以高精度实现此目标可能超出了当前NLP的范围，但是我敢肯定在此问题上已有一些工作.如果有人知道任何工作，可以帮我指出一些论文吗?

Obviously, accomplishing this with a high degree of accuracy would probably be beyond the scope of current NLP, but I'm sure there has been some work on the subject. If anybody knows of any work, care to point me to some papers?

推荐答案

虽然我不知道有什么专门研究自动生成否定句子的工作，但我想一个不错的起点是阅读语言学著作在形式语义和语用学.易于理解的简介将是史蒂文·莱文森的语用学书.

While I'm not aware of any work that specifically looks at automatically generating negated sentences, I imagine a good place to start would be to read up on linguistics work in formal semantics and pragmatics. A good accessible introduction would be Steven C. Levinson's Pragmatics book.

我认为您会遇到的一个问题是，否定一个句子传达的所有信息可能非常困难.例如:

One issue that I think you'll run into is that it can be very difficult to negate all the information that is conveyed by a sentence. For example, take:

John fixed the vase that he broke.

即使您将其更改为 John并没有修复他摔坏的花瓶，也会有

Even if you change this to John did not fix the vase that he broke, there is a presupposition that there is a vase and that John broke it.

类似地，简单地否定句子 John并没有停止使用毒品，因为 John停止了使用毒品仍然表明John曾经使用过毒品.一个更彻底的否定是约翰从未使用过毒品.

Similarly, simply negating the sentence John did not stopped using drugs as John stopped using drugs still conveys that John, at one point, used drugs. A more thorough negation would be John never used drugs.

MacCartney和Manning 2007的文本推理的自然逻辑.在本文中，他们使用George Lakoff的Natural Logic概念和Sanchez Valencia的单调演算来创建自动确定一个句子是否包含另一个句子的软件.您可能可以使用他们的一些技术来检测不存在的句子，以人为地构造否定和矛盾的句子.

Some existing natural language processing (NLP) work that you might want to look at is MacCartney and Manning 2007's Natural Logic for Textual Inference. In this paper they use George Lakoff's notion of Natural Logic and Sanchez Valencia's monotonicity calculus to create software that automatically determines whether one sentence entails another. You could probably use some their techniques for detecting non-entailment to artificially construct negated and contradicting sentences.

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