如何使用文本标题很好地打印numpy矩阵-python [英] How to print numpy matrix nicely with text headers - python
问题描述
我对python有疑问:
I have a question on python:
如何用这样的标题很好地打印矩阵:
how can I print matrix nicely with headers like this:
T C G C A
[0 -2 -4 -6 -8 -10]
T [-2 1 -1 -3 -5 -7]
C [-4 -1 2 0 -2 -4]
C [-6 -3 0 1 1 -1]
A [-8 -5 -2 -1 0 2]
我正在使用numpy.matrix(mat)打印三合会 但是我所拥有的只是:
I'v triad to print with numpy.matrix(mat) But all I'v got was:
[[ 0 -2 -4 -6 -8 -10]
[ -2 1 -1 -3 -5 -7]
[ -4 -1 2 0 -2 -4]
[ -6 -3 0 1 1 -1]
[ -8 -5 -2 -1 0 2]]
我也没有成功添加标题.
And I also didn't succeed to add the headers.
谢谢！
谢谢大家. 我已经成功安装了pandas'，但有2个新问题. 这是我的代码:
Thank you all. I'v succeed to install pandas' but I have 2 new problems. here is my code:
import pandas as pd
col1 = [' ', 'T', 'C', 'G', 'C', 'A']
col2 = [' ', 'T', 'C', 'C', 'A']
df = pd.DataFrame(mat,index = col2, columns = col1)
print df
但是我得到这个错误:
df = pd.DataFrame(mat,index = col2, columns = col1)
File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\pandas\core\frame.py", line 163, in __init__
copy=copy)
File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\pandas\core\frame.py", line 224, in _init_ndarray
return BlockManager([block], [columns, index])
File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\pandas\core\internals.py", line 237, in __init__
self._verify_integrity()
File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\pandas\core\internals.py", line 313, in _verify_integrity
union_items = _union_block_items(self.blocks)
File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\pandas\core\internals.py", line 906, in _union_block_items
raise Exception('item names overlap')
Exception: item names overlap
当我尝试更改字母时，它会起作用:
And when I am trying to change the letters it works:
T B G C A
0 -2 -4 -6 -8 -10
T -2 1 -1 -3 -5 -7
C -4 -1 2 0 -2 -4
C -6 -3 0 1 1 -1
A -8 -5 -2 -1 0 2
但是您可以看到矩阵的布局不是很好. 我该如何解决这些问题?
but as you can see the layout of the matrix is not quite well. How can I fix those problems?
推荐答案
Numpy不提供此类功能.
Numpy does not provide such a functionality out of the box.
您可能会看熊猫.打印pandas.DataFrame通常看起来很不错.
You may look into pandas. Printing a pandas.DataFrame usually looks quite nice.
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
cols = ["T", "C", "S", "W", "Q"]
a = np.random.randint(0,11,size=(5,5))
df = pd.DataFrame(a, columns=cols, index=cols)
print df
会产生
T C S W Q
T 9 5 10 0 0
C 3 8 0 7 2
S 0 2 6 5 8
W 4 4 10 1 5
Q 3 8 7 1 4
(b)纯python
如果只有纯python可用，则可以使用以下函数.
(b) pure python
If you only have pure python available, you can use the following function.
import numpy as np
def print_array(a, cols, rows):
if (len(cols) != a.shape[1]) or (len(rows) != a.shape[0]):
print "Shapes do not match"
return
s = a.__repr__()
s = s.split("array(")[1]
s = s.replace(" ", "")
s = s.replace("[[", " [")
s = s.replace("]])", "]")
pos = [i for i, ltr in enumerate(s.splitlines()[0]) if ltr == ","]
pos[-1] = pos[-1]-1
empty = " " * len(s.splitlines()[0])
s = s.replace("],", "]")
s = s.replace(",", "")
lines = []
for i, l in enumerate(s.splitlines()):
lines.append(rows[i] + l)
s ="\n".join(lines)
empty = list(empty)
for i, p in enumerate(pos):
empty[p-i] = cols[i]
s = "".join(empty) + "\n" + s
print s
c = [" ", "T", "C", "G", "C", "A"]
r = [" ", "T", "C", "C", "A" ]
a = np.random.randint(-4,15,size=(5,6))
print_array(a, c, r)
给你
T C G C A
[ 2 5 -3 7 1 9]
T [-3 10 3 -4 8 3]
C [ 6 11 -2 2 5 1]
C [ 4 6 14 11 10 0]
A [11 -4 -3 -4 14 14]
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