尽管满足了全球要求，仍可以使用pip在本地安装软件包 [英] using pip to install packages locally in spite of satisfied global requirements

问题描述

我正在尝试使用pip在~/.local中本地安装软件包.问题是该软件包(较旧的版本)已在系统上全局可用.即使我的PYTHONPATH中的全局python软件包目录不是 ，pip仍然拒绝安装，以为满足软件包要求.这类似于此处描述的问题，除了我没有使用sudo之外，因此该解决方案不适用: pip-要求已经满足?

I am trying to use pip to install a package locally in ~/.local. The problem is that the package (in an older version) is already available globally on the system. Even though the global python packages directory is not in my PYTHONPATH, pip still refuses to install, thinking that the package requirement is satisfied. This is similar to the issue described here, except I am not using sudo so the solution does not apply: pip - Requirement already satisfied?

如果我这样做:

pip install --user numpy

它说:

Requirement already satisfied (use --upgrade to upgrade): numpy in /usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/numpy-1.6.2-py2.7-linux-x86_64.egg

但是，/usr/local/lib/...不在我的PYTHONPATH中. PYTHONPATH中唯一的东西是~/.local.

However, /usr/local/lib/... is not in my PYTHONPATH. The only thing in PYTHONPATH is ~/.local.

如果我尝试这样做:

pip install --user --upgrade numpy

它会下载numpy并进行编译，然后认为我正在进行全局安装，尽管带有--user 标志，但我得到了:

It downloads numpy and compiles it, and then thinks I am doing a global install in spite of the --user flag and I get:

Installing collected packages: numpy
  Found existing installation: numpy 1.6.2
    Uninstalling numpy:
Exception:
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pip-1.2.1-py2.7.egg/pip/basecommand.py", line 107, in main
    status = self.run(options, args)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pip-1.2.1-py2.7.egg/pip/commands/install.py", line 261, in run
    requirement_set.install(install_options, global_options)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pip-1.2.1-py2.7.egg/pip/req.py", line 1162, in install
    requirement.uninstall(auto_confirm=True)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pip-1.2.1-py2.7.egg/pip/req.py", line 495, in uninstall
    paths_to_remove.remove(auto_confirm)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pip-1.2.1-py2.7.egg/pip/req.py", line 1492, in remove
    renames(path, new_path)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pip-1.2.1-py2.7.egg/pip/util.py", line 273, in renames
    shutil.move(old, new)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/shutil.py", line 300, in move
    os.unlink(src)
OSError: [Errno 13] Permission denied: '/usr/bin/f2py'

如何解决?我不确定为什么在传递--user标志时，它会尝试执行任何需要全局权限的事情.

How can this be fixed? I'm not sure why it tries to do anything that requires global permissions when it's passed the --user flag.

是否有一种方法可以告诉pip仅使用~/.local并忽略系统上的其他所有内容? (我不想使用virtualenv！在这里是不必要的，我不想只有一个环境.)

Is there a way to tell pip to just use ~/.local and ignore everything else on the system? (I don't want to use virtualenv! It's unnecessary here, I don't want multiple environments, just one.)

推荐答案

引用 Marcus Smith(点子的维护者):

Citing Marcus Smith (maintainer of pip):

如果您认为全球站点已过时，并且想要最新的站点 用户站点，然后使用:
pip install --upgrade --user SomePackage

If you think the global site is out of date, and want the latest in the user site, then use:
pip install --upgrade --user SomePackage

由于(...)，该软件包(较旧的版本)已在系统上全局可用，因此您必须按照Marcus的说明使用--upgrade选项. 卸载系统numpy软件包可能是您所使用的pip版本(1.2.1)中的错误.尝试使用当前版本，因为与--user选项相关的许多问题在1.3和1.4版本中已解决

Because (...) the package (in an older version) is already available globally on the system you have to use --upgrade option as per above Marcus' remark. Uninstalling system numpy package is probably a bug in the version of pip you use (1.2.1). Try current version as many issues related to --user option were fixed in versions 1.3 and 1.4

编辑

Marcus Smith 在他后来的评论中指向特定问题:

Marcus Smith points to specific issue in his later comment:

pip 1.3具有#705，这对于使用--user和--upgrade至关重要 在一起.

pip 1.3 has #705 , which is critical for using --user and --upgrade together.

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