Python:help(numpy)导致退出时出现段错误 [英] Python: help(numpy) causes segfault on exit
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问题描述
我遇到了一个奇怪的情况:在python解释器中，我执行以下操作:
I came across a strange occurrence: in the python interpreter, I do the following:
>>>import numpy
>>>help(numpy)
帮助会正确显示，但是当我按q返回到解释器时:
The help displays correctly, but as soon as I press q to return to the interpreter:
Segmentation fault (core dumped)
我不知道是什么导致了段错误，如果我导入具有本地名称的numpy(典型的np)，它仍然会发生.其他任何库都不会发生这种情况.我尝试卸载并重新安装numpy，但这没什么区别. numpy是否太大而无法以这种方式处理，或者我的解释器出了点问题?我该如何解决?
I have no idea what causes the segfault and it still happens if I import numpy with a local name (the typical np). This does not happen with any other libraries. I tried uninstalling and reinstalling numpy but that made no difference. Is numpy too large to handle that way or is something wrong with my interpreter? How can I fix this?
我正在运行32位Ubuntu 13.04，并使用Python 2.7.4.
I am running Ubuntu 13.04 32-bit and using Python 2.7.4.
更新: PYTHONSTARTUP和PYTHONPATH都为空. 编写执行此操作的脚本具有完全相同的效果.
UPDATE: PYTHONSTARTUP and PYTHONPATH are both empty. Writing a script which does this has exactly the same effect.
另外，numpy和其他库也能很好地工作，当在numpy上使用时，只是麻烦的帮助调用.
Also, numpy and other libraries work perfectly, it's just the help call that messes up when used on numpy.
更新2:
对于test.py:
if __name__ == "__main__":
import numpy
help(numpy)
这是gdb的输出:
$ gdb --args python test.py
GNU gdb (GDB) 7.5.91.20130417-cvs-ubuntu
Copyright (C) 2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later <http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>
This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.
There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law. Type "show copying"
and "show warranty" for details.
This GDB was configured as "i686-linux-gnu".
For bug reporting instructions, please see:
<http://www.gnu.org/software/gdb/bugs/>...
Reading symbols from /usr/bin/python2.7...(no debugging symbols found)...done.
(gdb) run
Starting program: /usr/bin/python2.7 test.py
[Thread debugging using libthread_db enabled]
Using host libthread_db library "/lib/i386-linux-gnu/libthread_db.so.1".
Program received signal SIGPIPE, Broken pipe.
0xb7fdd424 in __kernel_vsyscall ()
(gdb) where
#0 0xb7fdd424 in __kernel_vsyscall ()
#1 0xb7eb2cf3 in write () from /lib/i386-linux-gnu/libc.so.6
#2 0xb7e447e1 in _IO_file_write () from /lib/i386-linux-gnu/libc.so.6
#3 0xb7e446c6 in ?? () from /lib/i386-linux-gnu/libc.so.6
#4 0xb7e45422 in _IO_file_xsputn () from /lib/i386-linux-gnu/libc.so.6
#5 0xb7e3a025 in fwrite () from /lib/i386-linux-gnu/libc.so.6
#6 0x080ac05b in ?? ()
#7 0x080b6bde in PyEval_EvalFrameEx ()
#8 0x080b71c0 in PyEval_EvalFrameEx ()
#9 0x0811f939 in PyEval_EvalCodeEx ()
#10 0x080b80d4 in PyEval_EvalFrameEx ()
#11 0x080b71c0 in PyEval_EvalFrameEx ()
#12 0x0811f939 in PyEval_EvalCodeEx ()
#13 0x080b7265 in PyEval_EvalFrameEx ()
#14 0x080b71c0 in PyEval_EvalFrameEx ()
#15 0x0811f939 in PyEval_EvalCodeEx ()
#16 0x081203ee in ?? ()
#17 0x080e11f9 in ?? ()
#18 0x080e3daf in PyObject_Call ()
#19 0x08129483 in ?? ()
#20 0x080b8a3e in PyEval_EvalFrameEx ()
#21 0x0811f939 in PyEval_EvalCodeEx ()
#22 0x0812029e in ?? ()
---Type <return> to continue, or q <return> to quit---
#23 0x080e11f9 in ?? ()
#24 0x080e3daf in PyObject_Call ()
#25 0x0816dd88 in ?? ()
#26 0x080b7615 in PyEval_EvalFrameEx ()
#27 0x0811f939 in PyEval_EvalCodeEx ()
#28 0x081836c7 in PyEval_EvalCode ()
#29 0x08183b7d in ?? ()
#30 0x080a6032 in PyRun_FileExFlags ()
#31 0x080a65f8 in PyRun_SimpleFileExFlags ()
#32 0x080a74af in Py_Main ()
#33 0x080a7581 in main ()
(gdb)
更新3:
$strace -f python test.py的输出非常长，以下是克隆子进程的最后几行:
The output of $strace -f python test.py is very long, here are the last few lines from where it clones a child process:
[pid 2610] clone(Process 2611 attached child_stack=0, flags=CLONE_CHILD_CLEARTID|CLONE_CHILD_SETTID|SIGCHLD, child_tidptr=0xb7527968) = 2611
[pid 2610] wait4(-1, Process 2610 suspended
<unfinished ...>
[pid 2611] execve("/usr/bin/less", ["less"], [/* 53 vars */]) = 0
[pid 2611] brk(0) = 0x89ed000
[pid 2611] access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
[pid 2611] mmap2(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0xb7734000
[pid 2611] access("/etc/ld.so.preload", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
[pid 2611] open("/etc/ld.so.cache", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
[pid 2611] fstat64(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=93821, ...}) = 0
[pid 2611] mmap2(NULL, 93821, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0xb771d000
[pid 2611] close(3) = 0
[pid 2611] access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
[pid 2611] open("/lib/i386-linux-gnu/libtinfo.so.5", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
[pid 2611] read(3, "\177ELF\1\1\1\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0\3\0\1\0\0\0\320W\0\0004\0\0\0"..., 512) = 512
[pid 2611] fstat64(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=121032, ...}) = 0
[pid 2611] mmap2(NULL, 124748, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0xb76fe000
[pid 2611] mmap2(0xb771a000, 12288, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0x1b) = 0xb771a000
[pid 2611] close(3) = 0
[pid 2611] access("/etc/ld.so.nohwcap", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
[pid 2611] open("/lib/i386-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
[pid 2611] read(3, "\177ELF\1\1\1\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\3\0\3\0\1\0\0\0\220\232\1\0004\0\0\0"..., 512) = 512
[pid 2611] fstat64(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0755, st_size=1770984, ...}) = 0
[pid 2611] mmap2(NULL, 1780508, PROT_READ|PROT_EXEC, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0) = 0xb754b000
[pid 2611] mmap2(0xb76f8000, 12288, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_DENYWRITE, 3, 0x1ad) = 0xb76f8000
[pid 2611] mmap2(0xb76fb000, 11036, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0xb76fb000
[pid 2611] close(3) = 0
[pid 2611] mmap2(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0xb754a000
[pid 2611] mmap2(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0xb7549000
[pid 2611] set_thread_area({entry_number:-1 -> 6, base_addr:0xb75496c0, limit:1048575, seg_32bit:1, contents:0, read_exec_only:0, limit_in_pages:1, seg_not_present:0, useable:1}) = 0
[pid 2611] mprotect(0xb76f8000, 8192, PROT_READ) = 0
[pid 2611] mprotect(0xb771a000, 8192, PROT_READ) = 0
[pid 2611] mprotect(0x8069000, 4096, PROT_READ) = 0
[pid 2611] mprotect(0xb7757000, 4096, PROT_READ) = 0
[pid 2611] munmap(0xb771d000, 93821) = 0
[pid 2611] ioctl(1, SNDCTL_TMR_TIMEBASE or TCGETS, {B38400 opost isig icanon echo ...}) = 0
[pid 2611] ioctl(1, SNDCTL_TMR_TIMEBASE or TCGETS, {B38400 opost isig icanon echo ...}) = 0
[pid 2611] brk(0) = 0x89ed000
[pid 2611] brk(0x8a0e000) = 0x8a0e000
[pid 2611] stat64("/home/marzul/.terminfo", 0xbfac7780) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
[pid 2611] stat64("/etc/terminfo", {st_mode=S_IFDIR|0755, st_size=4096, ...}) = 0
[pid 2611] access("/etc/terminfo/x/xterm", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
[pid 2611] stat64("/lib/terminfo", {st_mode=S_IFDIR|0755, st_size=4096, ...}) = 0
[pid 2611] access("/lib/terminfo/x/xterm", R_OK) = 0
[pid 2611] open("/lib/terminfo/x/xterm", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE) = 3
[pid 2611] fstat64(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=3315, ...}) = 0
[pid 2611] mmap2(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0xb7733000
[pid 2611] read(3, "\32\1)\0&\0\17\0\235\1Z\5xterm|xterm-debian|X"..., 4096) = 3315
[pid 2611] read(3, "", 4096) = 0
[pid 2611] close(3) = 0
[pid 2611] munmap(0xb7733000, 4096) = 0
[pid 2611] ioctl(1, SNDCTL_TMR_TIMEBASE or TCGETS, {B38400 opost isig icanon echo ...}) = 0
[pid 2611] ioctl(1, SNDCTL_TMR_TIMEBASE or TCGETS, {B38400 opost isig icanon echo ...}) = 0
[pid 2611] ioctl(1, TIOCGWINSZ, {ws_row=24, ws_col=80, ws_xpixel=0, ws_ypixel=0}) = 0
[pid 2611] ioctl(2, TIOCGWINSZ, {ws_row=24, ws_col=80, ws_xpixel=0, ws_ypixel=0}) = 0
[pid 2611] open("/usr/bin/.sysless", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
[pid 2611] open("/etc/sysless", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
[pid 2611] open("/home/marzul/.less", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
[pid 2611] open("/usr/lib/locale/locale-archive", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
[pid 2611] fstat64(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=8748544, ...}) = 0
[pid 2611] mmap2(NULL, 2097152, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0) = 0xb7349000
[pid 2611] mmap2(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0x5e1) = 0xb7733000
[pid 2611] close(3) = 0
[pid 2611] open("/usr/lib/locale/locale-archive", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE|O_CLOEXEC) = 3
[pid 2611] fstat64(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0644, st_size=8748544, ...}) = 0
[pid 2611] mmap2(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 3, 0x5d8) = 0xb7732000
[pid 2611] close(3) = 0
[pid 2611] open("/home/marzul/.lesshst", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE) = 3
[pid 2611] fstat64(3, {st_mode=S_IFREG|0600, st_size=129, ...}) = 0
[pid 2611] mmap2(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0xb7731000
[pid 2611] read(3, ".less-history-file:\n.search\n\"pus"..., 4096) = 129
[pid 2611] read(3, "", 4096) = 0
[pid 2611] close(3) = 0
[pid 2611] munmap(0xb7731000, 4096) = 0
[pid 2611] open("/dev/tty", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE) = 3
[pid 2611] ioctl(3, SNDCTL_TMR_TIMEBASE or TCGETS, {B38400 opost isig icanon echo ...}) = 0
[pid 2611] fsync(3) = -1 EINVAL (Invalid argument)
[pid 2611] ioctl(3, SNDCTL_TMR_TIMEBASE or TCGETS, {B38400 opost isig icanon echo ...}) = 0
[pid 2611] ioctl(3, SNDCTL_TMR_STOP or TCSETSW, {B38400 opost isig -icanon -echo ...}) = 0
[pid 2611] ioctl(3, SNDCTL_TMR_TIMEBASE or TCGETS, {B38400 opost isig -icanon -echo ...}) = 0
[pid 2611] rt_sigaction(SIGINT, {0x805cc00, [INT], SA_RESTART}, {SIG_DFL, [], 0}, 8) = 0
[pid 2611] rt_sigaction(SIGTSTP, {0x805cb80, [TSTP], SA_RESTART}, {SIG_DFL, [], 0}, 8) = 0
[pid 2611] rt_sigaction(SIGWINCH, {0x805cbc0, [WINCH], SA_RESTART}, {SIG_DFL, [], 0}, 8) = 0
[pid 2611] rt_sigaction(SIGQUIT, {SIG_IGN, [QUIT], SA_RESTART}, {SIG_DFL, [], 0}, 8) = 0
[pid 2611] ioctl(0, SNDCTL_TMR_TIMEBASE or TCGETS, 0xbfac9088) = -1 ENOTTY (Inappropriate ioctl for device)
[pid 2611] stat64("-", 0xbfac90a0) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)
[pid 2611] write(1, "\33[?1049h\33[?1h\33=\r", 16) = 19
[pid 2611] fsync(3) = -1 EINVAL (Invalid argument)
[pid 2611] ioctl(3, SNDCTL_TMR_TIMEBASE or TCGETS, {B38400 opost isig -icanon -echo ...}) = 0
[pid 2611] ioctl(3, SNDCTL_TMR_STOP or TCSETSW, {B38400 opost isig icanon echo ...}) = 0
[pid 2611] ioctl(3, SNDCTL_TMR_TIMEBASE or TCGETS, {B38400 opost isig icanon echo ...}) = 0
[pid 2611] exit_group(0) = ?
Process 2610 resumed
Process 2611 detached
[pid 2610] <... wait4 resumed> [{WIFEXITED(s) && WEXITSTATUS(s) == 0}], 0, NULL) = 2611
[pid 2610] --- SIGCHLD (Child exited) @ 0 (0) ---
[pid 2610] sigreturn() = ? (mask now [])
[pid 2610] exit_group(0) = ?
Process 2610 detached
<... write resumed> ) = 73728
--- SIGPIPE (Broken pipe) @ 0 (0) ---
--- SIGCHLD (Child exited) @ 0 (0) ---
write(4, "l the attributes of the ndarray "..., 3043328) = -1 EPIPE (Broken pipe)
--- SIGPIPE (Broken pipe) @ 0 (0) ---
--- SIGSEGV (Segmentation fault) @ 0 (0) ---
+++ killed by SIGSEGV (core dumped) +++
Segmentation fault (core dumped)
更新4:
$echo $LESS
$cat cat ~/.less
cat: /home/user/.less: No such file or directory
显然没有配置任何东西.
Apparently less isn't configured at all.
在终端中搜索"= 4"没有从strace切断的内容，可以得到以下内容:
Searching what didn't get cut off of strace in the terminal for "= 4" gave the following segments:
read(3, "---------\n a, b : ndarray\n\n "..., 4096) = 4096
read(3, "epstr = \", \"\n arglist = argum"..., 4096) = 4096
read(3, "* Total of %d references found. "..., 4096) = 4096
read(3, "`output` not supplied then sourc"..., 4096) = 4096
read(3, " r += sum([200 for w in wha"..., 4096) = 4096
read(3, " except NameErr"..., 4096) = 4096
read(3, " return tuple([self.vis"..., 4096) = 4018
和
[pid 3294] write(2, "Missing filename (\"less --help\" "..., 42) = 42
更新5:
$strace -f python test.py 2>&1 | tee -a out.txt ; (exit ${PIPESTATUS})
$cat out.txt | grep "open(.*) = 4"
open("/usr/lib/python2.7/site.pyc", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE) = 4
open("/usr/lib/python2.7/os.py", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE) = 4
open("/usr/lib/python2.7/traceback.py", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE) = 4
open("/usr/lib/python2.7/sysconfig.py", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE) = 4
open("/usr/lib/python2.7/re.py", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE) = 4
open("/usr/lib/python2.7/_sysconfigdata.py", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE) = 4
open("/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/easy-install.pth", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE) = 4
open("/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/PILcompat.pth", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE) = 4
open("/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/gtk-2.0-pysupport-compat.pth", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE) = 4
open("/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pygtk.pth", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE) = 4
open("/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/python-support.pth", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE) = 4
open("/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/setuptools.pth", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE) = 4
open("/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/ubuntu-sso-client.pth", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE) = 4
open("/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/ubuntuone-client.pth", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE) = 4
open("/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/ubuntuone-control-panel.pth", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE) = 4
open("/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/ubuntuone-storage-protocol.pth", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE) = 4
open("/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/wx.pth", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE) = 4
open("/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/zope.interface-4.0.5-nspkg.pth", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE) = 4
open("/usr/lib/python2.7/sitecustomize.py", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE) = 4
open("/usr/lib/python2.7/encodings/__init__.pyc", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE) = 4
open("/usr/lib/python2.7/codecs.py", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE) = 4
open("/usr/lib/python2.7/encodings/aliases.py", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE) = 4
open("/usr/lib/python2.7/encodings/utf_8.pyc", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE) = 4
open("/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/numpy/__init__.pyc", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE) = 4
open("/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/numpy/__config__.py", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE) = 4
open("/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/numpy/version.py", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE) = 4
open("/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/numpy/_import_tools.py", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE) = 4
open("/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/numpy/add_newdocs.py", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE) = 4
open("/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/numpy/fft/__init__.py", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE) = 4
open("/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/numpy/polynomial/__init__.py", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE) = 4
open("/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/numpy/random/__init__.py", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE) = 4
open("/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/numpy/ctypeslib.py", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE) = 4
open("/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/numpy/ma/__init__.py", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE) = 4
open("/usr/lib/python2.7/inspect.py", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE) = 4
open("/usr/lib/python2.7/pkgutil.py", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE) = 4
open("/usr/lib/python2.7/repr.py", O_RDONLY|O_LARGEFILE) = 4
更新6:
没有open(...)我也发现:
ERR_PRINT = 4
FPE_UNDERFLOW = 4
推荐答案
From the Python side, I managed to track it down to this function in pydoc.py...
def pipepager(text, cmd):
"""Page through text by feeding it to another program."""
pipe = os.popen(cmd, 'w')
try:
pipe.write(text)
pipe.close()
except IOError:
pass # Ignore broken pipes caused by quitting the pager program.
...特别是pipe.write(text)行.
如果将功能更改为...，问题就消失了.
The problem goes away if you change that function to...
def pipepager(text, cmd):
"""Page through text by feeding it to another program."""
import subprocess
pipe = subprocess.Popen(cmd, stdin=subprocess.PIPE, shell=True).stdin
try:
pipe.write(text)
pipe.close()
except IOError:
pass # Ignore broken pipes caused by quitting the pager program.
...这可能是一个合理的解决方法，尽管我仍在调查为什么可以解决此问题-两种情况下strace(1)输出之间的差异很小.
...which might be a reasonable workaround, although I'm still investigating why that fixes the problem - there's very little difference between the strace(1) output for the two cases.
更新
Leeward为此提交了错误报告.
Leeward has filed a bug report for this.
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