这种设计模式的名称是什么? [英] What's the name of this design pattern?

问题描述

假设我需要将应用程序中的文本保存到文件中，但是允许用户选择多种格式(.pdf，.word，.txt，...).

Let's suppose I need to save a text in my application into a file, but allowing the user to have more than one format (.pdf, .word, .txt, ...) to select.

第一种方法可能是:

if (extension == ".pdf")
  ExportToPdf(file);
else if (extension == ".txt")
  ExportToTxt(file);
...

但是我通常这样封装上面的内容:

but I usually encapsulate the above like this:

abstract class Writer
{
  abstract bool CanWriteTo(string file);
  abstract void Write(string text, string file);
}

class WritersHandler
{
  List<Writer> _writers = ... //All writers here

  public void Write(string text, string file) 
  {
    foreach (var writer in _writers) 
    {
      if (writer.CanWriteTo(file) 
      {
        writer.Write(text, file);
        return;
      {
    }
    throw new Exception("...");
  }
}

使用它，如果我需要添加新的扩展名/格式，我要做的就是为该编写器创建一个新类(继承自Writer)并实现CanWriteTo(..)和Write(..)方法，并将该新作者添加到WritersHandler中的作者列表中(也许是添加方法Add(Writer w)或手动添加，但这不是重点).

Using it, if I need to add a new extension/format, all I have to do is create a new class (that inherits from Writer) for that writer and implement the CanWriteTo(..) and Write(..) methods, and add that new writer to the list of writers in WritersHandler (maybe adding a method Add(Writer w) or manually, but that's not the point now).

在其他情况下，我也会使用它.

I also use this in other situations.

我的问题是:

此模式的名称是什么?(也许是对模式的修改，不知道).

What's the name of this pattern? (maybe it's a modification of a pattern, don't know).

推荐答案

我的做法与您有所不同.

I would do it a bit differently than you.

主要区别在于存储处理程序和选择正确处理程序的方式. 实际上，我认为责任链在这里是一个错误的选择.而且，遍历处理程序的ist可能很耗时(如果有更多的处理程序).字典提供O(1)作者检索. 如果我猜到了，我会说我的模式叫做策略.

The main difference would be the way of storing handlers and picking the right one. In fact I think that chain of responsibility is a bad choice here. Moreover iterating through the ist of handlers may be time consuming (if there are more of them). Dictionary provides O(1) writer retrieval. If I were to guess I'd tell that my pattern is called Strategy.

abstract class Writer
{
  abstract string SupportedExtension {get;}
  abstract void Write(string text, string file);
}

class WritersHandler
{
  Dictionary<string,Writer> _writersByExtension = ... //All writers here

  public void Init(IEnumerable<Writer> writers)
  {
     foreach ( var writer in writers )
     {
        _writersByExtension.Add( writer.SupportedExtension, writer );
     }
  }

  public void Write(string text, string file) 
  {
    Writer w = _writersByExtension.TryGetValue( GetExtension(file) );
    if (w == null)
    {
       throw new Exception("...");
    }
    w.Write(text, file);
  }
}

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