并非所有依赖项都通过"pip download"下载. [英] All dependencies are not downloaded with "pip download"

问题描述

我正在尝试建立一个本地目录，其中包含可以在没有互联网连接的机器上重复使用的软件包，但是我遇到了某些软件包的问题.

I'm trying to setup a local directory with packages that can be reused for installation on a machine without an internet connection but I'm having problems with some of the packages.

我首先使用

pip download -r requirements.txt -d my_packages --no-binary :all:

然后我尝试使用

pip install -r requirements.txt --no-index -f my_packages

我无法安装的软件包之一是elasticsearch-dsl==6.1.0:

One of the packages I'm having trouble installing is elasticsearch-dsl==6.1.0:

pip install -r requirements --no-index -f my_packages
Looking in links: my_packages
Collecting elasticsearch-dsl==6.1.0
Collecting six (from elasticsearch-dsl==6.1.0)
Collecting python-dateutil (from elasticsearch-dsl==6.1.0)
  Installing build dependencies ... error
  Complete output from command /Users/Oskar/.pyenv/versions/2.7.15/envs/no_internet/bin/python2.7 -m pip install --ignore-installed --no-user --prefix /private/var/folders/36/t0_t6_td2f560t2j0149vjmw0000gn/T/pip-build-env-moib0N --no-warn-script-location --no-binary :none: --only-binary :none: --no-index --find-links my_packages -- setuptools wheel:
  Looking in links: my_packages
  Collecting setuptools
    Could not find a version that satisfies the requirement setuptools (from versions: )
  No matching distribution found for setuptools

当然可以，setuptools我可以手动安装，但是比所有其他软件包都需要的软件包要多. django-guardian==1.4.9是另一个需要pytest-runner的示例，出于某些原因，pytest-runner并未随pip download

Sure, setuptools I can manually install but there is more packages than that which is required for all the other packages. django-guardian==1.4.9 is another example which requires pytest-runner which for some reason is not downloaded with pip download

推荐答案

使用pip wheel而不是pip download来预下载并编译您的依赖项.

Use pip wheel, instead of pip download, to pre-download and compile your dependencies.

$ pip install wheel
$ pip wheel -w my_wheels python-dateutil --no-binary :all:
$ pip install -f my_wheels --no-index python-dateutil    # works
$ pip install -f my_packages --no-index python-dateutil  # breaks

pip wheel生成python-dateutil程序包，因此以后在pip install期间不需要setuptools_scm.

pip wheel builds the python-dateutil package, so you don't need setuptools_scm later during pip install.

根据文档

车轮是一种内置包装格式，具有以下优点: 在每次安装期间重新编译软件.

Wheel is a built-package format, and offers the advantage of not recompiling your software during every install.

因此，我猜想pip wheel将使用诸如setuptools_scm之类的构建时依赖项，但由于已构建.whl，因此pip install不会使用.

Therefore, I surmise that pip wheel will use build-time dependencies, such as setuptools_scm, but pip install won't, since the .whl has been built.

--no-binary :all:选项仍然可以执行正确的操作:将源代码下载到.tar.gz中，而不是下载任何二进制发行版.

The --no-binary :all: option still does the right thing: downloads the source in .tar.gz instead of any binary distributions.

(jwodder精明地指出了运行时相关性即 install_requires与构建时相关性即 setup_requires之间的差异.)

(jwodder was shrewd in pointing out the differences between run-time dependencies i.e. install_requires and build-time dependencies i.e. setup_requires.)

我在本地环境中进行了测试，没有setuptools_scm也没有pytest-runner，没问题.

I tested this on a local environment, and no setuptools_scm and no pytest-runner, no problem.

(py3) j@computer:~/so-examples|⇒ pip freeze
django-guardian==1.4.9
python-dateutil==2.7.3
six==1.11.0

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