查找名称包含特定字符串的列 [英] Find column whose name contains a specific string

问题描述

我有一个带有列名的数据框，我想找到一个包含特定字符串但与之不完全匹配的数据框.我正在像'spike-2'，'hey spike'，'spiked-in'这样的列名中搜索'spike'('spike'部分始终是连续的).

I have a dataframe with column names, and I want to find the one that contains a certain string, but does not exactly match it. I'm searching for 'spike' in column names like 'spike-2', 'hey spike', 'spiked-in' (the 'spike' part is always continuous).

我希望列名以字符串或变量的形式返回，因此我以后可以正常使用df['name']或df[name]来访问列.我试图找到方法来做到这一点，无济于事.有提示吗?

I want the column name to be returned as a string or a variable, so I access the column later with df['name'] or df[name] as normal. I've tried to find ways to do this, to no avail. Any tips?

推荐答案

仅遍历DataFrame.columns，现在这是一个示例，在该示例中，您将最终获得匹配的列名列表:

Just iterate over DataFrame.columns, now this is an example in which you will end up with a list of column names that match:

import pandas as pd

data = {'spike-2': [1,2,3], 'hey spke': [4,5,6], 'spiked-in': [7,8,9], 'no': [10,11,12]}
df = pd.DataFrame(data)

spike_cols = [col for col in df.columns if 'spike' in col]
print(list(df.columns))
print(spike_cols)

输出:

['hey spke', 'no', 'spike-2', 'spiked-in']
['spike-2', 'spiked-in']

说明:

1. df.columns返回列名列表
2. [col for col in df.columns if 'spike' in col]使用变量col遍历列表df.columns，如果col包含'spike'，则将其添加到结果列表中.此语法为列表理解.

1. df.columns returns a list of column names
2. [col for col in df.columns if 'spike' in col] iterates over the list df.columns with the variable col and adds it to the resulting list if col contains 'spike'. This syntax is list comprehension.

如果只希望结果数据集具有匹配的列，则可以执行以下操作:

If you only want the resulting data set with the columns that match you can do this:

df2 = df.filter(regex='spike')
print(df2)

输出:

   spike-2  spiked-in
0        1          7
1        2          8
2        3          9

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