使用RegEx和PHP从命令行解析参数 [英] Parsing parameters from command line with RegEx and PHP

问题描述

我将此作为命令行界面的输入，作为可执行文件的参数:

I have this as an input to my command line interface as parameters to the executable:

-Parameter1=1234 -Parameter2=38518 -param3 "Test \"escaped\"" -param4 10 -param5 0 -param6 "TT" -param7 "Seven" -param8 "secret" "-SuperParam9=4857?--SuperParam10=123"

我想要的是使用PHP来获取键值/关联数组中的所有参数，如下所示:

What I want to is to get all of the parameters in a key-value / associative array with PHP like this:

$result = [
    'Parameter1' => '1234',
    'Parameter2' => '1234',
    'param3' => 'Test \"escaped\"',
    'param4' => '10',
    'param5' => '0',
    'param6' => 'TT',
    'param7' => 'Seven',
    'param8' => 'secret',
    'SuperParam9' => '4857',
    'SuperParam10' => '123',
];

问题出在以下地方:

• 参数的前缀可以为-或--
• 参数的粘合(值分配运算符)可以是=符号或空格' '
• 某些参数可能位于引号块内，并且也可能具有不同的分隔符，胶合和前缀，即.分隔符的?标记.

• parameter's prefix can be - or --
• parameter's glue (value assignment operator) can be either an = sign or a whitespace ' '
• some parameters may be inside a quote block and can also have different, both separators and glues and prefixes, ie. a ? mark for the separator.

到目前为止，由于我对RegEx确实很不好，并且仍在学习中，因此:

So far, since I'm really bad with RegEx, and still learning it, is this:

/(-[a-zA-Z]+)/gui

通过它我可以获取以- ...

With which I can get all the parameters starting with an -...

我可以手动操作explode整个操作，然后手动对其进行解析，但是有太多的意外事件需要考虑.

I can go to manually explode the entire thing and parse it manually, but there are way too many contingencies to think about.

推荐答案

您可以尝试使用分支重置功能(?|...|...)处理值的不同可能格式的方法:

You can try this that uses the branch reset feature (?|...|...) to deal with the different possible formats of the values:

$str = '-Parameter1=1234 -Parameter2=38518 -param3 "Test \"escaped\"" -param4 10 -param5 0 -param6 "TT" -param7 "Seven" -param8 "secret" "-SuperParam9=4857?--SuperParam10=123"';

$pattern = '~ --?(?<key> [^= ]+ ) [ =]
(?|
    " (?<value> [^\\\\"]*+ (?s:\\\\.[^\\\\"]*)*+ ) "
  |
    ([^ ?"]*)
)~x';

preg_match_all ($pattern, $str, $matches);
$result = array_combine($matches['key'], $matches['value']);
print_r($result);

演示

在分支重置组中，捕获组在交替的每个分支中具有相同的编号或相同的名称.

In a branch reset group, the capture groups have the same number or the same name in each branch of the alternation.

这意味着(?<value> [^\\\\"]*+ (?s:\\\\.[^\\\\"]*)*+ )(显然)是名为的 value ，但是([^ ?"]*)也是名为capture的 .

This means that (?<value> [^\\\\"]*+ (?s:\\\\.[^\\\\"]*)*+ ) is (obviously) the value named capture, but that ([^ ?"]*) is also the value named capture.

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