Python:将一个字符串解析为多个变量? [英] Python: Parse one string into multiple variables?

问题描述

我很确定为此有一个功能，但是我已经搜索了一段时间，因此决定直接问SO.

I am pretty sure that there is a function for this, but I been searching for a while, so decided to simply ask SO instead.

我正在编写一个Python脚本，用于分析和分析来自输入文件的文本消息.每行看起来像这样:

I am writing a Python script that parses and analyzes text messages from an input file. Each line looks like this:

2014年10月24日，19:20-李·怀特:你好，世界！

Oct 24, 2014, 19:20 - Lee White: Hello world!

或:

4月4日，19:20-李·怀特:世界你好！

Apr 4, 19:20 - Lee White: Hello world!

如果未提及日期时间中的年份，则表示邮件是在当前年份中发送的.

If the year in the datetime is not mentioned, it means that the message was sent in the current year.

我想要做的是将此字符串解析为多个变量.理想情况下，我正在寻找一个函数，该函数需要一个输入字符串，一个格式字符串和几个变量来将输出存储在以下位置:

What I want to do, is parse this string into multiple variables. Ideally, I am looking for a function that takes an input string, a format string, and a couple of variables to store the output in:

foo(input, "MMM DD, YYYY, HH:MM - Sender: Text", &mon, &day, &year, &hour, &minutes, &sender, &text)

Python中是否存在这种东西?

Does such a thing exist in Python?

推荐答案

它使用非常有用的dateutil库使日期解析更加容易-您可以pip install python-dateutil或easy_install python-dateutil.在:和-上拆分数据以获取消息和发件人，然后处理日期文本以获取datetime对象，您可以在其中访问其各种属性以获取所需的组件，例如:

This uses the remarkably useful dateutil library to make date parsing easier - you can pip install python-dateutil or easy_install python-dateutil it. Split the data on the : and the - to get message and sender, then process the date text to get a datetime object where you can access its various attributes to get the components required, eg:

from dateutil.parser import parse

s = 'Apr 4, 19:20 - Lee White: Hello world!'
fst, _, msg = s.rpartition(': ')
date, _, name = fst.partition(' - ')
date = parse(date)
name, msg, date.year, date.month, date.day, date.hour, date.minute
# ('Lee White', 'Hello world!', 2015, 4, 4, 19, 20)

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