如何为P/Invoke声明指向结构的指针? [英] How can I declare a pointer to a struct for P/Invoke?
问题描述
我正在尝试使用 P/调用Interop助手来调用C ++ Dll在C#中.大部分标头都可以很好地转换，但是我遇到了麻烦:
I'm trying to use P/Invoke Interop Assistant to call a C++ Dll in C#. Most of the header is converted fine but I'm having trouble with this:
#define FULLOCTAVE_BINS 12
#define THIRDOCTAVE_BINS 36
typedef struct tagTimeHistory
{
UINT m_nAction;
int m_nFlag;
int m_nRecordNum;
int m_nTimeStamp;
int m_nMiscStartIndex;
float m_pfTHFloatVals[256]; // Number of valid values given by m_nNumFloatVals in Settings.
float m_pfTH11OBAVals[4][FULLOCTAVE_BINS]; // 0-4 spectra given by m_nNumOBA11Vals in Settings
float m_pfTH13OBAVals[4][THIRDOCTAVE_BINS]; // 0-4 spectra given by m_nNumOBA13Vals in Settings
float m_fDuration;
} stTimeHistory_t;
typedef struct tagSlmBulkRecords
{
int nRecType;
union
{
stTimeHistory_t *m_ThRecs;
stInterval_t *m_Interval;
stExceedence_t *m_Exceedences;
stRunRecord_t *m_RunRecord;
stSpeechData_t *m_VoiceRecord;
stSpeechData_t *m_AudioRecord;
};
} stSlmBulkRecord_t;
这将被转换为:
[System.Runtime.InteropServices.StructLayoutAttribute(System.Runtime.InteropServices.LayoutKind.Explicit)]
public struct Anonymous_d2bf9406_c664_4664_9196_800cc23f445a {
/// stTimeHistory_t*
[System.Runtime.InteropServices.FieldOffsetAttribute(0)]
public System.IntPtr m_ThRecs;
/// stInterval_t*
[System.Runtime.InteropServices.FieldOffsetAttribute(0)]
public System.IntPtr m_Interval;
/// stExceedence_t*
[System.Runtime.InteropServices.FieldOffsetAttribute(0)]
public System.IntPtr m_Exceedences;
/// stRunRecord_t*
[System.Runtime.InteropServices.FieldOffsetAttribute(0)]
public System.IntPtr m_RunRecord;
/// stSpeechData_t*
[System.Runtime.InteropServices.FieldOffsetAttribute(0)]
public System.IntPtr m_VoiceRecord;
/// stSpeechData_t*
[System.Runtime.InteropServices.FieldOffsetAttribute(0)]
public System.IntPtr m_AudioRecord;
}
[System.Runtime.InteropServices.StructLayoutAttribute(System.Runtime.InteropServices.LayoutKind.Sequential)]
public struct tagSlmBulkRecords {
/// int
public int nRecType;
/// Anonymous_d2bf9406_c664_4664_9196_800cc23f445a
public Anonymous_d2bf9406_c664_4664_9196_800cc23f445a Union1;
}
但是当m_ThRecs只是System.IntPtr时如何使用?有什么方法可以明确地声明它是指向stTimeHistory_t的指针?我要移植到C#的C ++代码是这样使用的:
But how do I use m_ThRecs when it's just a System.IntPtr? Is there some way of explicitly declaring it to be a pointer to stTimeHistory_t? The C++ code I'm porting to C# uses it like this:
stSlmBulkRecord_t bulkRecord;
bulkRecord.m_ThRecs = new stTimeHistory_t[dataCounts.m_nNumTH];
但是如果我在C#中尝试这样做:
but if I try this in C#:
tagSlmBulkRecords bulkRecord;
bulkRecord.Union1.m_ThRecs = new tagTimeHistory[dataCounts.m_nNumTH];
我得到:
错误1无法将类型'SlmTest.Program.tagTimeHistory []'隐式转换为'SlmTest.Program.tagTimeHistory'"
Error 1 Cannot implicitly convert type 'SlmTest.Program.tagTimeHistory[]' to 'SlmTest.Program.tagTimeHistory'"
如果我尝试使用不安全的定义:
If I try an unsafe definition:
[System.Runtime.InteropServices.StructLayoutAttribute(System.Runtime.InteropServices.LayoutKind.Sequential)]
public struct tagTimeHistory
{
/// UINT->unsigned int
public uint m_nAction;
/// int
public int m_nFlag;
/// int
public int m_nRecordNum;
/// int
public int m_nTimeStamp;
/// int
public int m_nMiscStartIndex;
/// float[256]
[System.Runtime.InteropServices.MarshalAsAttribute(System.Runtime.InteropServices.UnmanagedType.ByValArray, SizeConst = 256, ArraySubType = System.Runtime.InteropServices.UnmanagedType.R4)]
public float[] m_pfTHFloatVals;
/// float[48]
[System.Runtime.InteropServices.MarshalAsAttribute(System.Runtime.InteropServices.UnmanagedType.ByValArray, SizeConst = 48, ArraySubType = System.Runtime.InteropServices.UnmanagedType.R4)]
public float[] m_pfTH11OBAVals;
/// float[144]
[System.Runtime.InteropServices.MarshalAsAttribute(System.Runtime.InteropServices.UnmanagedType.ByValArray, SizeConst = 144, ArraySubType = System.Runtime.InteropServices.UnmanagedType.R4)]
public float[] m_pfTH13OBAVals;
/// float
public float m_fDuration;
}
[System.Runtime.InteropServices.StructLayoutAttribute(System.Runtime.InteropServices.LayoutKind.Explicit)]
public unsafe struct Anonymous_d2bf9406_c664_4664_9196_800cc23f445a
{
/// stTimeHistory_t*
[System.Runtime.InteropServices.FieldOffsetAttribute(0)]
public tagTimeHistory *m_ThRecs;
/// stInterval_t*
[System.Runtime.InteropServices.FieldOffsetAttribute(0)]
public System.IntPtr *m_Interval;
/// stExceedence_t*
[System.Runtime.InteropServices.FieldOffsetAttribute(0)]
public System.IntPtr m_Exceedences;
/// stRunRecord_t*
[System.Runtime.InteropServices.FieldOffsetAttribute(0)]
public System.IntPtr m_RunRecord;
/// stSpeechData_t*
[System.Runtime.InteropServices.FieldOffsetAttribute(0)]
public System.IntPtr m_VoiceRecord;
/// stSpeechData_t*
[System.Runtime.InteropServices.FieldOffsetAttribute(0)]
public System.IntPtr m_AudioRecord;
}
我得到:
错误CS0208:无法获取其地址，获取其大小或声明一个指向托管类型的指针
error CS0208: Cannot take the address of, get the size of, or declare a pointer to a managed type
推荐答案
如果您真的要与本机代码互操作，则可以使用fixed运算符:
If you really want to interoperate with the native code, you can use the fixed operator:
var array = new tagTimeHistory[dataCounts.m_nNumTH];
fixed (tagTimeHistory* ptr = array)
{
// do anything with the raw pointer
}
请注意，C#中的fixed运算符和指针类型需要unsafe功能.并且您可能希望用适当的指针类型替换IntPtr，以提高类型安全性(尽管有一种将指针转换为IntPtr s并返回的方法).
Note that fixed operator and pointer types in C# requires unsafe capability. And you may want to replace IntPtrs with the proper pointer types for more type safety (although there is a method for converting pointers to IntPtrs and back).
Another way of doing the same is through the methods of Marshal class.
编辑.这是您的有趣的已命名联合结构的修订版不安全定义的示例:
EDIT. Here is a sample of the revised unsafe definition of your funny named union structure:
[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Explicit)]
public unsafe struct Anonymous_d2bf9406_c664_4664_9196_800cc23f445a
{
[FieldOffset(0)]
public stTimeHistory_t* m_ThRecs;
[FieldOffset(0)]
public stInterval_t* m_Interval;
[FieldOffset(0)]
public stExceedence_t* m_Exceedences;
[FieldOffset(0)]
public stRunRecord_t* m_RunRecord;
[FieldOffset(0)]
public stSpeechData_t* m_VoiceRecord;
[FieldOffset(0)]
public stSpeechData_t* m_AudioRecord;
}
您应在代码中定义所有结构，例如stTimeHistory_t(或将不需要的结构替换为通用的IntPtr).
You should define all structures such as stTimeHistory_t in your code (or replace the ones you don't care with generic IntPtrs).
关于使用Marshal创建结构数组:本机内存池没有structure array这样的概念；它只关心字节.因此，例如，您可以使用 Marshal.AllocHGlobal方法:
And regarding creation of structure array with Marshal: native memory pool have no such concept as structure array; all it care is only bytes. So you may, for example, use the Marshal.AllocHGlobal method:
IntPtr myPtr = Marshal.AllocHGlobal(Marshal.SizeOf<tagTimeHistory>() * dataCounts.m_nNumTH);
// ... write something to an array, use it
// And don't forget to free it to prevent memory leaks!
Marshal.FreeHGlobal(myPtr);
编辑2.关于无法获取其地址，获取其大小或声明一个指向托管类型的指针"错误-您的定义并非完全不受托管.不安全的定义和使用封送处理逻辑的定义并不总是相等的.在这里它认为您的类是托管的"，因为其中包含数组引用.尝试固定数组:
EDIT 2. Regarding the "Cannot take the address of, get the size of, or declare a pointer to a managed type" error - your definition is not fully unmanaged. Unsafe definitions and the ones using the marshaling logic are not always equal; here it thinks your class is "managed" because of array references in it. Try fixed arrays:
[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
public unsafe struct tagTimeHistory
{
public uint m_nAction;
public int m_nFlag;
public int m_nRecordNum;
public int m_nTimeStamp;
public int m_nMiscStartIndex;
public fixed float m_pfTHFloatVals[256];
public fixed float m_pfTH11OBAVals[48];
public fixed float m_pfTH13OBAVals[144];
public float m_fDuration;
}
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