识别与pip一起安装的python软件包的依赖关系 [英] Identifying the dependency relationship for python packages installed with pip

问题描述

冻结点时，我看到大量未明确安装的Python软件包，例如

When I do a pip freeze I see large number of Python packages that I didn't explicitly install, e.g.

$ pip freeze
Cheetah==2.4.3
GnuPGInterface==0.3.2
Landscape-Client==11.01
M2Crypto==0.20.1
PAM==0.4.2
PIL==1.1.7
PyYAML==3.09
Twisted-Core==10.2.0
Twisted-Web==10.2.0
(etc.)

我是否可以确定为什么pip安装了这些特定的依赖软件包?换句话说，如何确定将这些软件包作为依赖项的父软件包?

Is there a way for me to determine why pip installed these particular dependent packages? In other words, how do I determine the parent package that had these packages as dependencies?

例如，我可能想使用Twisted，并且在我不了解不意外卸载或升级它之前，不要依赖于某个软件包.

For example, I might want to use Twisted and I don't want to depend on a package until I know more about not accidentally uninstalling it or upgrading it.

推荐答案

您可以尝试显示的 pipdeptree 依赖关系作为树结构，例如:

You could try pipdeptree which displays dependencies as a tree structure e.g.:

$ pipdeptree
Lookupy==0.1
wsgiref==0.1.2
argparse==1.2.1
psycopg2==2.5.2
Flask-Script==0.6.6
  - Flask [installed: 0.10.1]
    - Werkzeug [required: >=0.7, installed: 0.9.4]
    - Jinja2 [required: >=2.4, installed: 2.7.2]
      - MarkupSafe [installed: 0.18]
    - itsdangerous [required: >=0.21, installed: 0.23]
alembic==0.6.2
  - SQLAlchemy [required: >=0.7.3, installed: 0.9.1]
  - Mako [installed: 0.9.1]
    - MarkupSafe [required: >=0.9.2, installed: 0.18]
ipython==2.0.0
slugify==0.0.1
redis==2.9.1

要使其运行:

pip install pipdeptree

，如@Esteban在注释中所指出的，您还可以用-r反向列出树，或者用-p <package_name>列出单个软件包，以便找到可以运行的安装的Werkzeug:

as noted by @Esteban in the comments you can also list the tree in reverse with -r or for a single package with -p <package_name> so to find what installed Werkzeug you could run:

$ pipdeptree -r -p Werkzeug
Werkzeug==0.11.15
  - Flask==0.12 [requires: Werkzeug>=0.7]

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