Python项目的简单依赖关系管理 [英] Simple dependency management for a Python project

问题描述

我来自Java背景，是Python的新手.

I am coming from Java background and completely new at Python.

现在，我有一个小项目，其中包含一些包含一些导入的Python文件.我知道我的计算机上没有安装导入的依赖项，因此我尝试找出所需的依赖项并运行pip进行安装.

Now I have got a small project with a few Python files that contain a few imports. I know I does not have the imported dependencies installed on my computer, so I try to figure out the required dependencies and run pip to install them.

我想换个方式.我希望将依赖项列在单个文件中，并在构建过程中自动安装它们.

I would like to do it differently. I would prefer to have the dependencies listed in a single file and install them automatically during the build process.

这有意义吗?如果可以，我有几个问题:

Does it make sense ? If it does I have a few questions:

• 如何列出pip安装所需的项目依赖项?
• 如何运行pip从列表中安装依赖项?

• How to list the project dependencies required to install by pip ?
• How to run pip to install the dependencies from the list ?

推荐答案

管理python项目依赖项的一种常用方法是通过项目根目录中的一个名为"requirements.txt"的文件.一种简单的方法是:

A common way to manage dependencies for a python project is via a file in root of the project named "requirements.txt". An easy way to make this is:

1. 为您的项目设置python virtualenv
2. 通过pip手动安装所需的模块
3. 执行pip freeze > requirements.txt以生成需求文件

1. Setup a python virtualenv for your project
2. Manually install the required modules via pip
3. Execute pip freeze > requirements.txt to generate the requirements file

然后可以使用pip install -r requirements.txt将所有依赖项安装在其他位置.

You can then install all the dependencies in other locations using pip install -r requirements.txt.

如果要在其他人pip install软件包时自动安装依赖项，则可以在setup.py中使用install_requires().

If you want dependencies to be installed automatically when other people pip install your package, you can use install_requires() in your setup.py.

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