如何在Alpine Linux容器上安装pyzmq? [英] How to install pyzmq on a Alpine Linux container?
问题描述
我有一个带有python:3.6-alpine内核的容器，我在此安装带有 pip 的 pyzmq 时遇到问题:
I have a container with python:3.6-alpine kernel, I have a problem to install the pyzmq with pip on this:
FROM python:3.6-alpine
RUN mkdir /code
RUN apk add vim
WORKDIR /
ADD . /code
docker-compose.yml:
version: '3'
services:
battery_monitoring:
build: .
image: bm:1.0.0
container_name: battery_monitoring
restart: unless-stopped
volumes:
- .:/code
tty: true
在此容器上安装几个Python库时，我没有任何问题，但是在 pyzmq 库中，出现错误:
When I install several Python libraries on this container I haven't any problem, but in pyzmq library, there is an error:
$ docker-compose build
$ docker-compose up -d
$ docker exec -it <This-container-ID> sh
在容器中:
pip install pyserial
pip install easydict
同样安装了以上命令，但是在 pyzmq 安装中，我遇到了以下错误:
Above commands installed as well, but in pyzmq installation, I encountered to the following error:
pip install pyzmq
部分结果:
----------------------------------------
Command "/usr/local/bin/python -u -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='/tmp/pip-install-545my4q5/pyzmq/setup.py';f=getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('\r\n', '\n');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, 'exec'))" install --record /tmp/pip-record-nbtsgz0b/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile" failed with error code 1 in /tmp/pip-install-545my4q5/pyzmq/
[注意]:
pip -V
pip 18.0 from /usr/local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pip (python 3.6)
which pip
/usr/local/bin/pip
我对FROM python:3.6-slim而不是FROM python:3.6-alpine
推荐答案
使用py3-zmq包
根据我的经验，由于缺少Python标头，python:3.6-alpine不太适合安装具有C扩展名的软件包. alpine图像已经提供了Python 3.6发行版，并且还提供了预编译的
Using py3-zmq package
From my experience, python:3.6-alpine is not well suited for installing packages with C extensions because of missing Python headers. The alpine images already offer a Python 3.6 distribution and also a precompiled pyzmq package, so it's already sufficient to do:
FROM alpine:edge
RUN apk update && apk add py3-zmq
CMD ["/bin/sh"]
检查:
$ docker run --rm -it my/alpine /bin/sh
/ # python3 -c "import zmq; print(zmq.__version__)"
17.1.0
这是将pyzmq安装在Alpine容器中的最简单，最可靠的方法.
This is the easiest and most reliable way to install pyzmq in an Alpine container.
Alpine与manylinux1不兼容，因此任何包含C扩展名的软件包都必须从源代码构建.这意味着您必须先安装构建工具.同样，我将使用alpine图片而不是python:3.6-alpine:
Alpine is not manylinux1-compatible, so any package containing C extensions must be built from source. This means you have to install the build tools first. Again, I'd use alpine image instead of python:3.6-alpine:
FROM alpine:edge
RUN apk update && apk add build-base libzmq musl-dev python3 python3-dev zeromq-dev
RUN pip3 install pyzmq
# reduce image size by cleaning up the build packages
RUN apk del build-base musl-dev python3-dev zeromq-dev
CMD ["/bin/sh"]
检查:
$ docker run --rm -it my/alpine /bin/sh
/ # python3 -c "import zmq; print(zmq.__version__)"
17.1.0
如果您坚持使用python:3.6-alpine
请注意，python:3.6-alpine不会通过apk安装Python，它具有从源代码构建并位于/usr/local下的Python.因此，当您从python:3.6-alpine继承，安装python3-dev并运行pip install pyzmq时，最终将使用Python 3.6.4的头文件为Python 3.6.6(来自python:3.6-alpine)构建pyzmq.来自apk add python3-dev).通常，这不应该成为问题(头文件仅在主要的Python版本之间是不兼容的)，但是如果头文件由发行版维护者进行了修改，可能会成为问题.
If you insist on python:3.6-alpine
Beware that python:3.6-alpine does not install Python via apk, it has Python built from source and located under /usr/local. So when you inherit from python:3.6-alpine, install python3-dev and run pip install pyzmq, you'll end up with building pyzmq for Python 3.6.6 (coming from python:3.6-alpine) using header files from Python 3.6.4 (coming from apk add python3-dev). In general, this shouldn't be an issue (header files are incompatible only between major Python releases), but may become an issue in case the header files were adapted by the distro maintainer.
$ docker image rm my/alpine:latest
Untagged: my/alpine:latest
Deleted: sha256:2e613cdc3c90c9d44b23d399bd44069217e5b31c1b4a8fc91e501c5226a4ef6a
Deleted: sha256:d66ac6c96a4fca9c4fe71a73b64a4dd3605a59e570f327974954649b633a7fc5
Deleted: sha256:114efba5527eb4ab23020ef84b6181b6a6ba790059b83ce046c9a1a6c0bdf419
$ docker image prune
WARNING! This will remove all dangling images.
Are you sure you want to continue? [y/N] y
Deleted Images:
untagged: alpine@sha256:79c2c5f6db53da44f90bb2731f29f725b5b14c378407a123776b6d3c76e6aebe
untagged: alpine@sha256:ae8a1f9146d74466ddf1def02088ba33544db9aceef01f4b388c674a5ad1d00b
deleted: sha256:5c4fa780951b060bb0a75355765bc58112350d9974970d60561671d552aaf2e2
deleted: sha256:c9e8b5c053a2dda62373bc57fa8cb634230a92ba5f02d2baf5d35b932d04a878
Total reclaimed space: 4.148MB
$ cat ./Dockerfile
FROM alpine:edge
RUN apk update && apk add py3-zmq
CMD ["/bin/sh"]
$ docker pull alpine:edge
edge: Pulling from library/alpine
a0710691c81a: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:8d9872bf7dc946db1b3cd2bf70752f59085ec3c5035ca1d820d30f1d1267d65d
Status: Downloaded newer image for alpine:edge
$ docker build -t my/alpine .
Sending build context to Docker daemon 3.072kB
Step 1/3 : FROM alpine:edge
---> 9d1f27787d39
Step 2/3 : RUN apk update && apk add py3-zmq
---> Running in 0f9bd971b5da
fetch http://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/edge/main/x86_64/APKINDEX.tar.gz
fetch http://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/edge/community/x86_64/APKINDEX.tar.gz
v3.8.0-1447-g6c9915aaa5 [http://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/edge/main]
v3.8.0-1459-g2ff55fde23 [http://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/edge/community]
OK: 9626 distinct packages available
(1/16) Installing libbz2 (1.0.6-r6)
(2/16) Installing expat (2.2.5-r0)
(3/16) Installing libffi (3.2.1-r4)
(4/16) Installing gdbm (1.13-r1)
(5/16) Installing xz-libs (5.2.4-r0)
(6/16) Installing ncurses-terminfo-base (6.1-r0)
(7/16) Installing ncurses-terminfo (6.1-r0)
(8/16) Installing ncurses-libs (6.1-r0)
(9/16) Installing readline (7.0.003-r0)
(10/16) Installing sqlite-libs (3.24.0-r1)
(11/16) Installing python3 (3.6.4-r1)
(12/16) Installing libgcc (6.4.0-r8)
(13/16) Installing libsodium (1.0.16-r0)
(14/16) Installing libstdc++ (6.4.0-r8)
(15/16) Installing libzmq (4.2.3-r0)
(16/16) Installing py3-zmq (17.1.0-r0)
Executing busybox-1.28.4-r0.trigger
OK: 69 MiB in 29 packages
Removing intermediate container 0f9bd971b5da
---> 83a4db72581d
Step 3/3 : CMD ["/bin/sh"]
---> Running in b37e3ef8e639
Removing intermediate container b37e3ef8e639
---> 558bd6427c77
Successfully built 558bd6427c77
Successfully tagged my/alpine:latest
$ docker run --rm -it my/alpine python3 -c "import zmq; print(zmq.__version__)"
17.1.0
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