透视多个表的SQL语法 [英] SQL Syntax to Pivot multiple tables
问题描述
过去的几天我一直在为此工作，并且一直在圈子里逛逛.
我的问题基于我在本文中接受的答案: 我一直在处理数据透视表，并通过查看示例并按照示例操作设法从JobParamType表中获取列，但由于我的数据被拆分到多个表中，因此现在变得非常复杂，这开始使我头疼！ 我希望有人可以帮助我进行数据透视并从多个表中获取数据. 我希望这是有道理的，我期待着您的帮助和讨论. 谢谢你. 我将发布 查看模型 ) 第2步. 创建一个视图，仅生成 第3步. 创建具有按顺序排序的列的属性(参数)列表 第4步. 现在，我将动态创建查询文本 第5步. 这是查询的文本，从这一点出发，我可以将其打包到存储过程，另一个视图或变量中，以用作动态sql. 返回 如果我运行此代码: I have spent the past couple of days working on this and am going around in circles. My question is based around the answer I accepted in this post: stackoverflow question I now have my data moved from a single 400 column table to a much more managable database structure with many thanks to Damir Sudarevic. My database looks like this: However, for a particular function of my application I need to list every JobParamType.Name row as columns containing a JobMeasurement.Value or JobTrait.Value as its data for each JobFiles.Name. JobParamType.IsTrait is used to determine if a value is a Measurement or Trait. i.e. I have been playing with pivoting tables and have managed to get the columns from the JobParamType table by looking at examples and following them but it is now getting quite complicated because my data is split between several tables and it is starting to make my head hurt!!! I am hoping someone could help me with the pivoting and getting the data from multiple tables. I hope this makes sense and I look forward to your help and discussions. Thank you in advanced. I will post a few examples from this model -- because I already have them. Both models are very similar, so you should not have too much trouble adopting this technique. When it comes to headache, I find that the simplest way is to go step by step, and optimize later. Step 1. Step 2. Create a view to generate only Step 3. Create list of properties (Parameters) with a column to order by Step 4. Now I will dynamically create the query text Step 5. And here is the text of the query, form this point I can package this into a stored procedure, another view, or into a variable to use as dynamic sql. returns And if I run this: 这篇关于透视多个表的SQL语法的文章就介绍到这了，希望我们推荐的答案对大家有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持IT屋！DECLARE @cols NVARCHAR(MAX)
SELECT @cols = STUFF(( SELECT DISTINCT TOP 10 PERCENT
'],[' + tParams.Name
FROM dbo.JobParamType AS tParams
ORDER BY '],[' + tParams.Name
FOR XML PATH('')
), 1, 2, '') + ']'
print @cols
CREATE VIEW dbo.vProperties AS
SELECT m.MachineID AS [Machine ID]
,s.SetupID AS [Setup ID]
,p.PropertyID AS [Property ID]
,t.PropertyTypeID AS [Property Type ID]
,m.Name AS [Machine Name]
,s.Name AS [Setup Name]
,t.Name AS [Property Type Name]
,t.IsTrait AS [Is Trait]
,x.Value AS [Measurement Value]
,x.Unit AS [Unit]
,y.Value AS [Trait]
FROM dbo.Machine AS m
JOIN dbo.Setup AS s ON s.MachineID = m.MachineID
JOIN dbo.Property AS p ON p.SetupID = s.SetupID
JOIN dbo.PropertyType AS t ON t.PropertyTypeID = p.PropertyTypeID
LEFT JOIN dbo.Measurement AS x ON x.PropertyID = p.PropertyID
LEFT JOIN dbo.Trait AS y ON y.PropertyID = p.PropertyID
[Setup Name], [Property Type Name], [Value]；请注意，在这一栏中，测量值和特征最终出现在同一列中.您可能会使用JobName, ParameterTypeName, Value CREATE VIEW dbo.vSetupValues AS
SELECT [Setup Name]
,[Property Type Name]
,COALESCE(cast([Measurement Value] AS varchar(50)), [Trait]) AS [Val]
FROM dbo.vProperties
DECLARE @Props TABLE (
id int IDENTITY (1,1)
,PropName varchar(50)
);
INSERT INTO @Props (PropName)
SELECT DISTINCT [Name]
FROM dbo.PropertyType
DECLARE @qw TABLE(
id int IDENTITY (1,1)
, txt nchar(500)
)
INSERT INTO @qw (txt)
SELECT 'SELECT' UNION
SELECT '[Setup Name]' ;
INSERT INTO @qw (txt)
SELECT ',MAX(CASE [Property Type Name] WHEN ''' + PropName
+ ''' THEN Val ELSE NULL END) AS [' + PropName + ']'
FROM @Props
ORDER BY id;
INSERT INTO @qw (txt)
SELECT 'FROM dbo.vSetupValues' UNION
SELECT 'GROUP BY [Setup Name]' UNION
SELECT 'ORDER BY [Setup Name]';
SELECT txt FROM @qw
SELECT
[Setup Name]
,MAX(CASE [Property Type Name] WHEN 'Diameter LSL' THEN [Val] ELSE NULL END) AS [Diameter LSL]
,MAX(CASE [Property Type Name] WHEN 'Diameter USL' THEN [Val] ELSE NULL END) AS [Diameter USL]
,MAX(CASE [Property Type Name] WHEN 'Force LSL' THEN [Val] ELSE NULL END) AS [Force LSL]
,MAX(CASE [Property Type Name] WHEN 'Force USL' THEN [Val] ELSE NULL END) AS [Force USL]
,MAX(CASE [Property Type Name] WHEN 'Leak LSL' THEN [Val] ELSE NULL END) AS [Leak LSL]
,MAX(CASE [Property Type Name] WHEN 'Leak USL' THEN [Val] ELSE NULL END) AS [Leak USL]
,MAX(CASE [Property Type Name] WHEN 'Press Travel LSL' THEN [Val] ELSE NULL END) AS [Press Travel LSL]
,MAX(CASE [Property Type Name] WHEN 'Press Travel USL' THEN [Val] ELSE NULL END) AS [Press Travel USL]
,MAX(CASE [Property Type Name] WHEN 'Seal Height LSL' THEN [Val] ELSE NULL END) AS [Seal Height LSL]
,MAX(CASE [Property Type Name] WHEN 'Seal Height USL' THEN [Val] ELSE NULL END) AS [Seal Height USL]
FROM dbo.vSetupValues
GROUP BY [Setup Name]
ORDER BY [Setup Name]
(来源: damirsystems.com )
更新:修复了第4步的错误，该错误缺少max()并添加了示例示例. CREATE TABLE JobFiles (
JobID UNIQUEIDENTIFIER PRIMARY KEY,
MachineID UNIQUEIDENTIFIER REFERENCES Machines(MachineID),
[Desc] NVARCHAR(MAX),
Name NVARCHAR(255),
JobOpen BIT,
[CreateDate] DATETIME NOT NULL DEFAULT GETDATE(),
[ModifyDate] DATETIME NOT NULL DEFAULT GETDATE(),
[CreatedByUser] NVARCHAR(64) DEFAULT '',
[ModifiedByUser] NVARCHAR(64) DEFAULT '')
GO
CREATE TABLE JobParamType (
ParamTypeID UNIQUEIDENTIFIER PRIMARY KEY,
Name NVARCHAR(255),
[Desc] NVARCHAR(MAX),
IsTrait NVARCHAR)
GO
CREATE TABLE JobParamGroup (
ParamGroupID UNIQUEIDENTIFIER PRIMARY KEY,
Name NVARCHAR(255),
[Desc] NVARCHAR(MAX))
GO
CREATE TABLE JobParams (
ParamID UNIQUEIDENTIFIER PRIMARY KEY,
ParamTypeID UNIQUEIDENTIFIER REFERENCES JobParamType(ParamTypeID),
ParamGroupID UNIQUEIDENTIFIER REFERENCES JobParamGroup(ParamGroupID),
JobFileID UNIQUEIDENTIFIER REFERENCES JobFiles(JobID),
IsEnabled BIT)
GO
-- Text based property
CREATE TABLE JobTrait (
ParamID UNIQUEIDENTIFIER PRIMARY KEY REFERENCES JobParams(ParamID),
Value NVARCHAR(MAX) )
GO
-- Numeric based property
CREATE TABLE JobMeasurement (
ParamID UNIQUEIDENTIFIER PRIMARY KEY REFERENCES JobParams(ParamID),
Value FLOAT,
Format NVARCHAR(20),
Unit NVARCHAR(MAX) )
GO
JobName | ParamName1 | ParamName2 | ParamName3 ... | ParamName400
"MyJob" MesurementValue TraitValue MesurementValue ... TraitValue
"TestJob" MesurementValue TraitValue MesurementValue ... TraitValue
"Job2" MesurementValue TraitValue MesurementValue ... TraitValue
etc
DECLARE @cols NVARCHAR(MAX)
SELECT @cols = STUFF(( SELECT DISTINCT TOP 10 PERCENT
'],[' + tParams.Name
FROM dbo.JobParamType AS tParams
ORDER BY '],[' + tParams.Name
FOR XML PATH('')
), 1, 2, '') + ']'
print @cols
Create a view to flatten the model; (see the model)CREATE VIEW dbo.vProperties AS
SELECT m.MachineID AS [Machine ID]
,s.SetupID AS [Setup ID]
,p.PropertyID AS [Property ID]
,t.PropertyTypeID AS [Property Type ID]
,m.Name AS [Machine Name]
,s.Name AS [Setup Name]
,t.Name AS [Property Type Name]
,t.IsTrait AS [Is Trait]
,x.Value AS [Measurement Value]
,x.Unit AS [Unit]
,y.Value AS [Trait]
FROM dbo.Machine AS m
JOIN dbo.Setup AS s ON s.MachineID = m.MachineID
JOIN dbo.Property AS p ON p.SetupID = s.SetupID
JOIN dbo.PropertyType AS t ON t.PropertyTypeID = p.PropertyTypeID
LEFT JOIN dbo.Measurement AS x ON x.PropertyID = p.PropertyID
LEFT JOIN dbo.Trait AS y ON y.PropertyID = p.PropertyID
[Setup Name], [Property Type Name], [Value]; note that in this one the measurement value and trait end up in the same column. You would probably use JobName, ParameterTypeName, ValueCREATE VIEW dbo.vSetupValues AS
SELECT [Setup Name]
,[Property Type Name]
,COALESCE(cast([Measurement Value] AS varchar(50)), [Trait]) AS [Val]
FROM dbo.vProperties
DECLARE @Props TABLE (
id int IDENTITY (1,1)
,PropName varchar(50)
);
INSERT INTO @Props (PropName)
SELECT DISTINCT [Name]
FROM dbo.PropertyType
DECLARE @qw TABLE(
id int IDENTITY (1,1)
, txt nchar(500)
)
INSERT INTO @qw (txt)
SELECT 'SELECT' UNION
SELECT '[Setup Name]' ;
INSERT INTO @qw (txt)
SELECT ',MAX(CASE [Property Type Name] WHEN ''' + PropName
+ ''' THEN Val ELSE NULL END) AS [' + PropName + ']'
FROM @Props
ORDER BY id;
INSERT INTO @qw (txt)
SELECT 'FROM dbo.vSetupValues' UNION
SELECT 'GROUP BY [Setup Name]' UNION
SELECT 'ORDER BY [Setup Name]';
SELECT txt FROM @qw
SELECT
[Setup Name]
,MAX(CASE [Property Type Name] WHEN 'Diameter LSL' THEN [Val] ELSE NULL END) AS [Diameter LSL]
,MAX(CASE [Property Type Name] WHEN 'Diameter USL' THEN [Val] ELSE NULL END) AS [Diameter USL]
,MAX(CASE [Property Type Name] WHEN 'Force LSL' THEN [Val] ELSE NULL END) AS [Force LSL]
,MAX(CASE [Property Type Name] WHEN 'Force USL' THEN [Val] ELSE NULL END) AS [Force USL]
,MAX(CASE [Property Type Name] WHEN 'Leak LSL' THEN [Val] ELSE NULL END) AS [Leak LSL]
,MAX(CASE [Property Type Name] WHEN 'Leak USL' THEN [Val] ELSE NULL END) AS [Leak USL]
,MAX(CASE [Property Type Name] WHEN 'Press Travel LSL' THEN [Val] ELSE NULL END) AS [Press Travel LSL]
,MAX(CASE [Property Type Name] WHEN 'Press Travel USL' THEN [Val] ELSE NULL END) AS [Press Travel USL]
,MAX(CASE [Property Type Name] WHEN 'Seal Height LSL' THEN [Val] ELSE NULL END) AS [Seal Height LSL]
,MAX(CASE [Property Type Name] WHEN 'Seal Height USL' THEN [Val] ELSE NULL END) AS [Seal Height USL]
FROM dbo.vSetupValues
GROUP BY [Setup Name]
ORDER BY [Setup Name]
(source: damirsystems.com)
UPDATE: fixed bug at step 4, was missing max() and added results example.
