如何用情节画椭球 [英] How to draw ellipsoid with plotly

问题描述

有没有办法用可绘制的3D绘制类似椭球的表面?

Are there any way to plot a surface like ellipsoid with plotly 3D?

当前仅在文档中讨论了 z = f(x，y)形式的曲面.还有网格3D ，但是我没有找到任何示例.似乎可以手动对椭球进行三角剖分，然后使用网格"获取椭球，但这对我来说似乎有点困难.有更好的方法吗?

Currently only surfaces of the form z=f(x,y) are discussed in the docs. There is also Mesh 3D, but I found no examples for it. It seem to be possible to make a triangulation of ellipsoid manually and then use Mesh to get ellipsoid, but it looks a bit difficult for me. Are there any better way to do it?

推荐答案

好吧，这比我想象的要容易. alphahull选项可要求系统自动计算相应的三角剖分.

Okay, it is easier than I thought. There is alphahull option that asks plotly to calculate the corresponding triangulation automatically.

from plotly.offline import iplot, init_notebook_mode
from plotly.graph_objs import Mesh3d
from numpy import sin, cos, pi

# some math: generate points on the surface of ellipsoid

phi = np.linspace(0, 2*pi)
theta = np.linspace(-pi/2, pi/2)
phi, theta=np.meshgrid(phi, theta)

x = cos(theta) * sin(phi) * 3
y = cos(theta) * cos(phi) * 2
z = sin(theta)

# to use with Jupyter notebook

init_notebook_mode()

iplot([Mesh3d({
                'x': x.flatten(), 
                'y': y.flatten(), 
                'z': z.flatten(), 
                'alphahull': 0
})])

这是R版本:

library(pracma)
theta <- seq(-pi/2, pi/2, by=0.1)
phi <- seq(0, 2*pi, by=0.1)
mgrd <- meshgrid(phi, theta)
phi <- mgrd$X
theta <-  mgrd$Y
x <- cos(theta) * cos(phi) * 3
dim(x) <- NULL
y <- cos(theta) * sin(phi) * 2
dim(y) <- NULL
z <- sin(theta) * scale
dim(z) <- NULL

ell <- cbind(x, y, z)

ell <- setNames(ell, c('x', 'y', 'z'))

library(plotly)
p <- plot_ly(as.data.frame(ell), x=x, y=y, z=z, type='mesh3d', alphahull = 0)

p %>% layout(scene = list(aspectmode = 'data'))

---

也可以使用type='surface'生成参数图:在这种情况下，必须提供二维x和y.

---

it is also possible to use type='surface' to produce parametric plots: in this case one have to provide two-dimensional x and y.

library(plotly)
library(pracma)
mgrd <- meshgrid(seq(-pi, pi, length.out = 100), seq(-pi/2, pi/2, length.out = 100))
U <- mgrd$X
V <- mgrd$Y
frame <- list(x=cos(V)*cos(U)*3, y=cos(V)*sin(U)*2, z=sin(V))
plot_ly(frame, type='surface', x=x, y=y, z=z, showlegend=F, showscale=F,
        colorscale=list(list(0, 'blue'), list(1, 'blue')))

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