如何使用子流程模块与SSH进行交互 [英] How to interact with ssh using subprocess module

问题描述

我正在尝试使用子进程生成一个ssh子进程.

I'm trying to spawn an ssh child process using subprocess.

我正在Windows 7上使用Python 2.7.6

I'm working on Python 2.7.6 on Windows 7

这是我的代码:

from subprocess import *
r=Popen("ssh sshserver@localhost", stdout=PIPE)
stdout, stderr=r.communicate()
print(stdout)
print(stderr)

输出:

None

stdout应包含: sshserver @ localhost的密码:

stdout should contain: sshserver@localhost's password:

推荐答案

下面是一个有效的SSH代码示例，该代码处理证书部分(是/否)和要求输入密码时的提示.

Here's an example of working SSH code that handles the promt for yes/no on the certificate part and also when asked for a password.

#!/usr/bin/python

import pty, sys
from subprocess import Popen, PIPE, STDOUT
from time import sleep
from os import fork, waitpid, execv, read, write

class ssh():
    def __init__(self, host, execute='echo "done" > /root/testing.txt', askpass=False, user='root', password=b'SuperSecurePassword'):
        self.exec = execute
        self.host = host
        self.user = user
        self.password = password
        self.askpass = askpass
        self.run()

    def run(self):
        command = [
                '/usr/bin/ssh',
                self.user+'@'+self.host,
                '-o', 'NumberOfPasswordPrompts=1',
                self.exec,
        ]

        # PID = 0 for child, and the PID of the child for the parent    
        pid, child_fd = pty.fork()

        if not pid: # Child process
            # Replace child process with our SSH process
            execv(command[0], command)

        ## if we havn't setup pub-key authentication
        ## we can loop for a password promt and "insert" the password.
        while self.askpass:
            try:
                output = read(child_fd, 1024).strip()
            except:
                break
            lower = output.lower()
            # Write the password
            if b'password:' in lower:
                write(child_fd, self.password + b'\n')
                break
            elif b'are you sure you want to continue connecting' in lower:
                # Adding key to known_hosts
                write(child_fd, b'yes\n')
            elif b'company privacy warning' in lower:
                pass # This is an understood message
            else:
                print('Error:',output)

        waitpid(pid, 0)

您无法立即读取stdin的原因(如果我错了，请更正我)是因为SSH作为子进程在您需要读取/附加的不同进程ID下运行.

The reason (and correct me if i'm wrong here) for you not being able to read the stdin straight away is because SSH runs as a subprocess under a different process ID which you need to read/attach to.

由于您使用的是Windows，因此pty将不起作用.有两种更好的解决方案，它们是 pexpect ，并且有人指出了基于密钥的身份验证.

Since you're using windows, pty will not work. there's two solutions that would work better and that's pexpect and as someone pointed out key-based authentication.

为了实现基于密钥的身份验证，您只需执行以下操作: 在您的客户端上，运行:ssh-keygen 将您的id_rsa.pub内容(一行)复制到服务器上的/home/user/.ssh/authorized_keys中.

In order to achieve a key-based authentication you only need to do the following: On your client, run: ssh-keygen Copy your id_rsa.pub content (one line) into /home/user/.ssh/authorized_keys on the server.

您已经完成. 如果没有，请使用pexpect.

And you're done. If not, go with pexpect.

import pexpect
child = pexpect.spawn('ssh [e-mail]')
child.expect('Password:')
child.sendline('SuperSecretPassword')

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