使用PostgreSQL时角色不存在并且无法创建数据库 [英] Role does not exist and unable to create database when using PostgreSQL

问题描述

我正在为我的应用程序使用Heroku，它需要PostgreSQL，但是您仍然可以使用SQLite3进行开发。由于Heroku强烈建议不要使用2个不同的数据库，因此我决定改用PostgreSQL进行开发。我安装了 gem pg ，还去了PostgreSQL官方站点以获取Windows安装程序，还更改了我的 database.yml 。在安装过程中，它需要PostgreSQL的密码，所以我做了一个。
我不得不将 pg_hba.conf 文件从使用 md5 更改为 trust 才能通过： fe_sendauth：尝试创建数据库时未提供密码。

I am using Heroku for my application and it requires PostgreSQL but you can still use SQLite3 for development. Since Heroku strongly advised against having 2 different databases I decided to change to PostgreSQL for development. I installed the gem pg and also went to the official PostgreSQL site to get the Windows installer and also changed my database.yml. During installation it requires a password for PostgreSQL so I made one. I had to change the pg_hba.conf file from using md5 to trust in order get past: fe_sendauth: no password supplied when trying to create the database.

# TYPE  DATABASE        USER            ADDRESS                 METHOD

# IPv4 local connections:
host    all             all             127.0.0.1/32            trust # was md5
# IPv6 local connections:
host    all             all             ::1/128                 trust # was md5
# Allow replication connections from localhost, by a user with the
# replication privilege.
#host    replication     postgres        127.0.0.1/32            trust
#host    replication     postgres        ::1/128                 trust

尽管摆脱了这些，我现在得到了：

After getting rid of that though, I now get this:

$ rake db:create
(in C:/app)
FATAL:  role "User" does not exist 
Couldn't create database for {"adapter"=>"postgresql", "encoding"=>"utf8", 
"database"=>"app_test", "pool"=>5, "username"=>nil, "password"=>nil} 

我仍然有我的 development.sqlite3 和文本。 sqlite3 存在，这可能是问题吗？必须做什么？

I do still have my development.sqlite3 and text.sqlite3 present, could that be the issue? What must be done?

这是我的全部要旨： https ：//gist.github.com/1522188

推荐答案

将用户名添加到您的 database.yml ，以及将应用程序名称（或名称的某些变体）用作用户名，我将使用 app_name 作为占位符：

Add a username to your database.yml, might as well use your application's name (or some variant of the name) as the username, I'll use app_name as a placeholder:

development:
  adapter: postgresql
  encoding: utf8
  database: app_development
  pool: 5
  username: app_name
  password:

然后创建PostgreSQL中使用 psql.exe 的用户（又称角色）：

Then create the user (AKA "role") inside PostgreSQL using psql.exe:

$ psql -d postgres
postgres=# create role app_name login createdb;
postgres=# \q

第一行在您的终端中，后两行在 psql 内部。然后执行 rake db：create 。

The first line is in your terminal, the next two are inside psql. Then do your rake db:create.

用户用户可能是默认用户，但 user 是默认用户已在PostgreSQL中用于其他用途，因此如果您想使用 User 作为用户名，则必须引用它以保留大小写：

The User user is possibly a default but user is already taken for other purposes in PostgreSQL so you'd have to quote it to preserve the case if you wanted to use User as a username:

postgres=# create role "User" login createdb;

最好还是为每个应用程序创建一个用户。

You're better off creating one user per-application anyway.

您将要为 database.yml 中的 test 条目做类似的事情好吧。

You'll want to do similar things for your test entry in database.yml as well.

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