Alembic：使用USING更改列类型 [英] Alembic: alter column type with USING

问题描述

我正在尝试使用alembic将我的一个表列的SQLAlchemy PostgreSQL ARRAY（Text）字段转换为BIT（varying = True）字段。

I'm attempting to use alembic to convert a SQLAlchemy PostgreSQL ARRAY(Text) field to a BIT(varying=True) field for one of my table columns.

该列当前定义为：

cols = Column(ARRAY(TEXT), nullable=False, index=True)

我想将其更改为：

cols = Column(BIT(varying=True), nullable=False, index=True)

默认情况下似乎不支持更改列类型，因此我正在手动编辑alembic脚本。这是我目前拥有的东西：

Changing column types doesn't seem to be supported by default, so I'm editing the alembic script by hand. This is what I have currently:

def upgrade():
    op.alter_column(
        table_name='views',
        column_name='cols',
        nullable=False,
        type_=postgresql.BIT(varying=True)
    )


def downgrade():
    op.alter_column(
        table_name='views',
        column_name='cols',
        nullable=False,
        type_=postgresql.ARRAY(sa.Text())
    )

但是，运行此脚本可以错误：

However, running this script gives the error:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/home/home/.virtualenvs/deus_lex/bin/alembic", line 9, in <module>
    load_entry_point('alembic==0.7.4', 'console_scripts', 'alembic')()
  File "/home/home/.virtualenvs/deus_lex/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/alembic/config.py", line 399, in main
    CommandLine(prog=prog).main(argv=argv)
  File "/home/home/.virtualenvs/deus_lex/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/alembic/config.py", line 393, in main
    self.run_cmd(cfg, options)
  File "/home/home/.virtualenvs/deus_lex/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/alembic/config.py", line 376, in run_cmd
    **dict((k, getattr(options, k)) for k in kwarg)
  File "/home/home/.virtualenvs/deus_lex/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/alembic/command.py", line 165, in upgrade
    script.run_env()
  File "/home/home/.virtualenvs/deus_lex/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/alembic/script.py", line 382, in run_env
    util.load_python_file(self.dir, 'env.py')
  File "/home/home/.virtualenvs/deus_lex/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/alembic/util.py", line 242, in load_python_file
    module = load_module_py(module_id, path)
  File "/home/home/.virtualenvs/deus_lex/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/alembic/compat.py", line 79, in load_module_py
    mod = imp.load_source(module_id, path, fp)
  File "./scripts/env.py", line 83, in <module>
    run_migrations_online()
  File "./scripts/env.py", line 76, in run_migrations_online
    context.run_migrations()
  File "<string>", line 7, in run_migrations
  File "/home/home/.virtualenvs/deus_lex/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/alembic/environment.py", line 742, in run_migrations
    self.get_context().run_migrations(**kw)
  File "/home/home/.virtualenvs/deus_lex/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/alembic/migration.py", line 305, in run_migrations
    step.migration_fn(**kw)
  File "/home/home/deus_lex/winslow/scripts/versions/2644864bf479_store_caselist_column_views_as_bits.py", line 24, in upgrade
    type_=postgresql.BIT(varying=True)
  File "<string>", line 7, in alter_column
  File "<string>", line 1, in <lambda>
  File "/home/home/.virtualenvs/deus_lex/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/alembic/util.py", line 387, in go
    return fn(*arg, **kw)
  File "/home/home/.virtualenvs/deus_lex/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/alembic/operations.py", line 470, in alter_column
    existing_autoincrement=existing_autoincrement
  File "/home/home/.virtualenvs/deus_lex/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/alembic/ddl/impl.py", line 147, in alter_column
    existing_nullable=existing_nullable,
  File "/home/home/.virtualenvs/deus_lex/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/alembic/ddl/impl.py", line 105, in _exec
    return conn.execute(construct, *multiparams, **params)
  File "/home/home/.virtualenvs/deus_lex/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/sqlalchemy/engine/base.py", line 729, in execute
    return meth(self, multiparams, params)
  File "/home/home/.virtualenvs/deus_lex/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/sqlalchemy/sql/ddl.py", line 69, in _execute_on_connection
    return connection._execute_ddl(self, multiparams, params)
  File "/home/home/.virtualenvs/deus_lex/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/sqlalchemy/engine/base.py", line 783, in _execute_ddl
    compiled
  File "/home/home/.virtualenvs/deus_lex/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/sqlalchemy/engine/base.py", line 958, in _execute_context
    context)
  File "/home/home/.virtualenvs/deus_lex/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/sqlalchemy/engine/base.py", line 1159, in _handle_dbapi_exception
    exc_info
  File "/home/home/.virtualenvs/deus_lex/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/sqlalchemy/util/compat.py", line 199, in raise_from_cause
    reraise(type(exception), exception, tb=exc_tb)
  File "/home/home/.virtualenvs/deus_lex/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/sqlalchemy/engine/base.py", line 951, in _execute_context
    context)
  File "/home/home/.virtualenvs/deus_lex/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/sqlalchemy/engine/default.py", line 436, in do_execute
    cursor.execute(statement, parameters)
sqlalchemy.exc.ProgrammingError: (ProgrammingError) column "cols" cannot be cast automatically to type bit varying
HINT:  Specify a USING expression to perform the conversion.
 'ALTER TABLE views ALTER COLUMN cols TYPE BIT VARYING' {}

如何更改我的脚本带​​有USING表达式？

How can I change my script with the USING expression?

推荐答案

不幸的是，您需要使用原始SQL，因为Alembic不会输出使用语句来更改类型。

Unfortunately you need to use raw SQL as alembic doesn't output a USING statement ever when changing types.

但是，为此编写自定义SQL很容易：

However, writing custom SQL for this is quite easy:

op.execute('ALTER TABLE views ALTER COLUMN cols TYPE bit varying USING expr')

当然，您必须用将旧数据类型转换为新数据类型的表达式替换 expr 。

Of course you have to replace expr with an expression that converts the old data type to the new data type.

这篇关于Alembic：使用USING更改列类型的文章就介绍到这了，希望我们推荐的答案对大家有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持IT屋！