在Visual Studio项目中本地复制本机依赖项 [英] Copy native dependencies locally in a Visual Studio project
问题描述
我有一个混合模式的C ++项目，该项目生成一个托管的dll程序集，该程序集导出了一些CLR类（称为Managed.dll）。该项目使用的是本机dll（称为Native.dll）。
I have a mixed mode C++ project producing a managed dll assembly exporting some CLR classes (call it Managed.dll). This project is using a native dll, (call it Native.dll).
当我从另一个生成Client.exe的项目中引用Managed.dll时，一切正常，除了我需要手动将Native.dll复制到与Client.exe相同的文件夹中。
When I reference the Managed.dll from another project producing Client.exe, everything works as expected, except than I need to manually copy the Native.dll in the same folder as Client.exe.
如果有办法说服VS在本地复制（在垃圾箱中）
If there a way to convince VS to copy locally (in the bin folder of Client.exe) not only Managed.dll but Native.dll as well?
我试图在清单中包括Native.dll作为依赖程序集，但这没有帮助。
I have tried to include Native.dll as a dependency assembly in the manifest but this didn't help.
编辑
Managed.dll将成为可重新分发的程序集。它将安装在 C：\Program Files .....的文件夹中。当使用Visual Studio的开发人员添加对Managed.dll的引用时，Native.dll也应复制到其项目的\bin文件夹中。
Managed.dll is going to be a redistributable assembly. It will be installed in a folder in "C:\Program Files.....". When a developer using Visual Studio adds a reference to Managed.dll, Native.dll should be also copied in the \bin folder of his project.
推荐答案
有几种方法可以告诉VS将dll复制到目标文件夹：
There are several ways to tell the VS to copy dlls to the destination folder:
1。将dll添加为项目的资源。并告诉VS如果dll是较新的副本
1.Add the dll as a resource of the project. And tell the VS to copy it if the dll is newer
2。添加一个引用该dll项目的新项目，并将OutDir设置为所需的文件夹。该项目除了复制dll外什么都不做。
2.Add a new project that reference to the dll project, and set the OutDir to the folder you want. This project does nothing but copy the dll.
3。在vcxproj文件中使用PostBuildEvent
3.Use a PostBuildEvent in vcxproj file
<ItemDefinitionGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|Win32'">
<ClCompile>
</ClCompile>
<Link>
</Link>
<PostBuildEvent>
<Command>
echo off
mkdir "$(ProjectDir)..\..\bin\$(Configuration)\"
copy "$(OutDir)xxx.dll" "$(ProjectDir)..\..\lib\$(Configuration)\"
echo on
</Command>
</PostBuildEvent>
</ItemDefinitionGroup>
4。在vcxproj文件中使用PreBuildEvent
4.Use a PreBuildEvent in vcxproj file
5。在vcxproj文件中使用CustomBuild
5.Use CustomBuild in vcxproj file
<ItemGroup>
<CustomBuild Include="..\..\xxx.dll">
<FileType>Document</FileType>
<Command>
call mkdir "$(OutDir)" 2>nul &
copy /Y "..\..\xxx.dll" "$(OutDir)xxx.dll"
</Command>
<Message>Copying xxx.dll to $(OutDir)\xxx.dll</Message>
<Outputs>$(OutDir)\xxx.dll</Outputs>
</CustomBuild>
</ItemGroup>
6。使用makefile并将dll复制到makefile中。并使用nmake来构建
6.Use a makefile and copy dll in makefile. and use nmake to build
7。编写一个执行复制作业的bat文件，然后像3-6一样调用bat文件
7.Write a bat file that do the copy job, and invoke the bat file as in 3-6
8。使用python这样的脚本，也可以从Internet下载dll。然后像3-6一样调用py文件。
8.Use script such as python, which can also download the dll from internet. And invoke the py file as in 3-6.
9。其他构建工具也可以提供帮助，例如gradle
9.Other build tools can help too, such as gradle
10。制作一个NuGet插件
10.Make it a NuGet plugin
11。有时候我只是写了一个蝙蝠，然后手动执行该蝙蝠。
11.Sometimes I just write a bat, and execute the bat manually.
更新01（自解压dll示例）：
1。将本机dll添加为托管dll资源
1.Add you native dll as resource of managed dll
2。添加此init（）方法
2.Add this init() method
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.IO;
using System.Linq;
using System.Reflection;
using System.Security.Cryptography;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
namespace DllSelfExtract
{
public class SelfExtract
{
public static void Init()
{
String managedDllPath = System.Reflection.Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly().CodeBase;
String nativeDllPath = managedDllPath.Replace("file:///", "").Replace("DllSelfExtract.DLL", "TestDll.dll");
if(!File.Exists(nativeDllPath))
{
Stream dllIn = Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly().GetManifestResourceStream("DllSelfExtract.TestDll.dll");
if (dllIn == null) return;
using (Stream outFile = File.Create(nativeDllPath))
{
const int sz = 4096;
byte[] buf = new byte[sz];
while (true)
{
int nRead = dllIn.Read(buf, 0, sz);
if (nRead < 1)
break;
outFile.Write(buf, 0, nRead);
}
}
}
//LoadLibrary Here
}
}
}
3。在使用托管dll的项目中，首先调用init（）方法
3.In project that use your managed dll, invoke init() method first
SelfExtract.Init();
更新02（以NuGet为例）：
1。创建一个新的NuGet项目
1.Create a new NuGet project
2。将托管程序集放在/ lib目录中
2.Place the managed assemblies in the /lib directory
3。将非托管共享库和相关文件放在/ build子目录中，并将所有非托管* .dll重命名为* .dl _
3.Place the non-managed shared libraries and related files in the /build subdirectory and rename all non-managed *.dll to *.dl_
4。在/ build子目录中添加一个自定义.targets文件，其内容类似于以下内容：
4.Add a custom .targets file in the /build subdirectory with something like the following contents :
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<Project ToolsVersion="4.0" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/msbuild/2003">
<ItemGroup>
<AvailableItemName Include="NativeBinary" />
</ItemGroup>
<ItemGroup>
<NativeBinary Include="$(MSBuildThisFileDirectory)*">
<TargetPath></TargetPath>
</NativeBinary>
</ItemGroup>
<PropertyGroup>
<PrepareForRunDependsOn>
$(PrepareForRunDependsOn);
CopyNativeBinaries
</PrepareForRunDependsOn>
</PropertyGroup>
<Target Name="CopyNativeBinaries" DependsOnTargets="CopyFilesToOutputDirectory">
<Copy SourceFiles="@(NativeBinary)"
DestinationFiles="@(NativeBinary->'$(OutDir)\%(TargetPath)\%(Filename).dll')"
Condition="'%(Extension)'=='.dl_'">
<Output TaskParameter="DestinationFiles" ItemName="FileWrites" />
</Copy>
<Copy SourceFiles="@(NativeBinary)"
DestinationFiles="@(NativeBinary->'$(OutDir)\%(TargetPath)\%(Filename).%(Extension)')"
Condition="'%(Extension)'!='.dl_'">
<Output TaskParameter="DestinationFiles" ItemName="FileWrites" />
</Copy>
</Target>
</Project>
5。在Package.nuspec中为build文件夹添加构建规则
5.Add build rule for build folder in Package.nuspec
<files>
<file src="lib\" target="lib" />
<file src="tools\" target="tools" />
<file src="content\" target="content" />
<file src="build\" target="build" />
</files>
6。构建程序包
7在其他C＃项目中，只需添加此NuGet包即可。
7.In your other C# project just add this NuGet package.
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