Windows 7 x64 Pro上的gawk 3.1.6-1即使使用失败的命令，也使用system（）获得0返回码 [英] gawk 3.1.6-1 on Windows 7 x64 Pro gets 0 return code using system() even on failed commands

问题描述

我正在Windows上运行gawk脚本。很长时间以来，我在Windows XP x86上使用了gawk 3.1.4，一切正常。

I'm running gawk scripts on Windows. For a long time I've used gawk 3.1.4 on Windows XP x86 and all was OK.

我的环境已更改为Windows 7 x64，现在是gawk 3.1。 4经常因致命错误而失败。

My environment has changed to Windows 7 x64, and now gawk 3.1.4 frequently fails with fatal errors.

我已经更新到最新的可用gawk 3.1.6-1（ https://sourceforge.net/projects/gnuwin32/files/gawk/ ）->致命错误消失了（雅虎），但是我遇到的一个非常奇怪的行为：在失败的命令中它无法获得非零的返回代码。

I've updated to latest available gawk 3.1.6-1 (https://sourceforge.net/projects/gnuwin32/files/gawk/) --> fatal errors are gone (yahoo), but a very strange behaviour I met: it cannot get non-zero return code on failing command.

例如，我呼叫

print "System return test: ";
system( "gawk --version");
myReturnCode = system( "exit 0");
print "1 returned: " myReturnCode;
myReturnCode = system( "exit 1");
print "2 returned: " myReturnCode;

，结果为

System return test:
GNU Awk 3.1.6
Copyright (C) 1989, 1991-2007 Free Software Foundation.

This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or
(at your option) any later version.

This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
GNU General Public License for more details.

You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with this program. If not, see http://www.gnu.org/licenses/.
1 returned: 0
2 returned: 0

为什么 2返回：0 ???先前的gawk版本会按预期返回 1

Why 2 returned: 0??? Previous gawk versions returns 1 as expected

System return test:
GNU Awk 3.1.4
Copyright (C) 1989, 1991-2003 Free Software Foundation.

This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
(at your option) any later version.

This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
GNU General Public License for more details.

You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307, USA.
1 returned: 0
2 returned: 1

我所有的命令成功状态完全被这个原因打破了。我需要gawk中失败命令的非零返回码。

All my command success statuses are totally broken by this reason. I need non-zero return codes for the failed commands in gawk.

有人在Windows 7 x64上运行gawk吗？你得到类似的东西吗？有什么方法可以解决此问题吗？

Does anybody run gawk on Windows 7 x64? Do you get something similar? Is there any ways to work this problem out?

感谢@EdMorton使用 Cygwin s gawk.exe 的使用思路。是的，通常来说，它可以在Windows 7 x64和 system（ exit 1）上正常工作，并按预期返回 1 （请参见下面的MWE），但是从 3.1.6 到Cygwin的更新并非一帆风顺。而且我在考虑应该在当前的 gawk-scripts-windows-world 中与它们对抗，还是在Python 3中进行重写。

Thanks to @EdMorton with Cygwin's gawk.exe usage idea. Yes, generally speaking it works on Windows 7 x64 and system( "exit 1") returns 1 as expected (see MWE below), but the update from 3.1.6 to Cygwin is not painless. And I'm thinking should I fight against them in my current gawk-scripts-windows-world, or rewrite in in Python 3.

这是Cygwin从批处理调用gawk的最小工作示例，有两个脚本：

This is a minimal working example of Cygwin's gawk call from a Batch, two scripts:

REM awkTest.cmd
@echo off
set "exeGAWK=C:\cygwin64\bin\gawk.exe"
echo exeGAWK = "%exeGAWK%"

call "%exeGAWK%" -f "test.awk" nul

和

# test.awk
END\
{
    exeGAWK = ENVIRON[ "exeGAWK" ];

    print "Check version: ";

    print exeGAWK
    system( exeGAWK " --version");
    gsub(/\\/, "/", exeGAWK)
    print exeGAWK
    system( exeGAWK " --version");


    print "Dir test: ";
    system( "dir " exeGAWK);

    print "System return test: ";
    myReturnCode = system( "exit 0");
    print "1 returned: " myReturnCode;
    myReturnCode = system( "exit 1");
    print "2 returned: " myReturnCode;
}

结果为

exeGAWK = "C:\cygwin64\bin\gawk.exe"
Check version:
C:\cygwin64\bin\gawk.exe
sh: C:cygwin64bingawk.exe: command not found
C:/cygwin64/bin/gawk.exe
GNU Awk 5.0.1, API: 2.0 (GNU MPFR 4.0.2, GNU MP 6.1.2)
Copyright (C) 1989, 1991-2019 Free Software Foundation.

This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or
(at your option) any later version.

This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
GNU General Public License for more details.

You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with this program. If not, see http://www.gnu.org/licenses/.
Dir test:
sh: dir: command not found
System return test:
1 returned: 0
2 returned: 1

明显的问题是

1. 正斜杠< Windows路径中的code> \ 应该转换为 / ;


2. 无法调用Windows系统 dir 命令。

1. forward slashes \ in windows path should be converted to /;
2. cannot call Windows system dir command.

推荐答案

这是如何从Windows调用cygwin的awk的示例。在Windows中，以通常的方式将 .bash文件后缀与 bash.exe关联（创建 test.bash，然后右键单击以打开，并在cygwin64目录下找到bash.exe），然后双击包含以下内容的名为 test.bash的文件上：

Here's an example of how you can call cygwin's awk from Windows. In Windows associate the ".bash" file suffix with "bash.exe" in the usual manner (create "test.bash" then right-click to open-with and find the bash.exe under your cygwin64 directory) and then double click on a file named "test.bash" containing this:

export HOME="/cygdrive/c/cygwin64/home/$USERNAME"
export PATH="$HOME:/usr/bin:$PATH"
. .bash_profile

# cd to the directory this script is in assuming you want it to run from there
dir="$( cd "$( dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}" )" && pwd )"
dir="C:${dir#/cygdrive/c}"
cd "$dir" || exit 1

awk 'BEGIN {
    print "System return test: ";
    system( "gawk --version");
    myReturnCode = system( "exit 0");
    print "1 returned: " myReturnCode;
    myReturnCode = system( "exit 1");
    print "2 returned: " myReturnCode;
}'

sleep 30

它会弹出在显示以下内容的窗口中显示30秒：

and it'll pop up a window displaying the following for 30 seconds:

System return test:
GNU Awk 5.0.1, API: 2.0 (GNU MPFR 4.0.2, GNU MP 6.1.2)
Copyright (C) 1989, 1991-2019 Free Software Foundation.

This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or
(at your option) any later version.

This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
GNU General Public License for more details.

You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with this program. If not, see http://www.gnu.org/licenses/.
1 returned: 0
2 returned: 1

另请参见 how-do-i-use -awk-cygwin-to-print-fields-of-an-excel-spreadsheet 中的操作方法，即从cygwin bash脚本中调用Windows命令（Excel）。

See also how-do-i-use-awk-under-cygwin-to-print-fields-from-an-excel-spreadsheet for how to do the opposite, i.e. call a Windows command (Excel) from a cygwin bash script.

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