PowerShell脚本未压缩正确的文件 [英] PowerShell script not zipping correct files

问题描述

 Function Zip
{
    Param
    (
        [string]$zipFile
        ,
        [string[]]$toBeZipped
    )
    $CurDir = Get-Location
    Set-Location "C:\Program Files\7-Zip"
    .\7z.exe A -tzip $zipFile $toBeZipped | Out-Null
    Set-Location $CurDir
}
$Now = Get-Date
$Days = "60"
$TargetFolder = "C:\users\Admin\Downloads\*.*"
$LastWrite = $Now.AddDays(-$Days)
$Files = Get-Childitem $TargetFolder -Recurse | Where {$_.LastWriteTime -le "$LastWrite"}
$Files
Zip C:\Users\Admin\Desktop\TEST.zip $Files

我正在测试我在网上找到的脚本。我的问题是，不是压缩目标文件夹中的文件，而是复制并压缩7-zip程序文件文件夹的内容。是什么原因造成的？预先感谢

I am testing out this script I found online. My problem is that instead of zipping the files in the target folder, it is copying and zipping the contents of the 7-zip program file folder. What could cause this? Thanks in advance

推荐答案

将文件作为完整路径 传递给 Zip 函数，使用其 .FullName 属性（PSv3 +语法）：

Pass the files as full paths to the Zip function, using their .FullName property (PSv3+ syntax):

Zip C:\Users\Admin\Desktop\TEST.zip $Files.FullName

---

问题是 [System.IO.FileInfo] Get-ChildItem 按条件 ^[1] 返回的c>个实例仅字符串化为其文件名 ，这就是您遇到的情况，因此您的 Zip 函数然后解释了 $ toBeZipped 相对于当前位置的值为 ，即当前位置的 C：\Program Files\7-Zip 。

---

The problem is that the [System.IO.FileInfo] instances returned by Get-ChildItem situationally^[1] stringify to their file names only, which is what happened in your case, so your Zip function then interpreted the $toBeZipped values as relative to the current location, which is C:\Program Files\7-Zip at that point.

也就是说，最好不要在函数中完全使用 Set-Location ，这样在您要做想要传递实际相对路径的事件，它们是e正确地解释为相对于 current 位置：

That said, it's better not to use Set-Location in your function altogether, so that in the event that you do want to pass actual relative paths, they are correctly interpreted as relative to the current location:

Function Zip {
    Param
    (
        [Parameter(Mandatory)] # make sure a value is passed          
        [string]$zipFile
        ,
        [Parameter(Mandatory)] # make sure a value is passed
        [string[]]$toBeZipped
    )
    # Don't change the location, use & to invoke 7z by its full path.
    $null = & "C:\Program Files\7-Zip\7z.exe" A -tzip $zipFile $toBeZipped
    # You may want to add error handling here.
}

---

[1] 何时 Get-ChildItem 输出仅字符串化为文件名称：

---

[1] When Get-ChildItem output stringifies to file names only:

注意：

• 获取项目输出<幸运的是，em>总是字符串化为完整路径。


• 在PowerShell Core 中， Get-ChildItem < /幸运的是，/ code>总是始终字符串化。



• Get-Item output always stringifies to the full path, fortunately.
• In PowerShell Core, Get-ChildItem too always stringifies to the full path, fortunately.

因此，以下内容仅适用于 Windows PowerShell 中的 Get-ChildItem ：

问题有两个：

• 甚至PowerShell的内置cmdlet绑定文件/目录参数（参数值-与通过管道输入相反）不是作为对象，而是作为字符串（正在讨论如何更改此行为）在此GitHub问题）。

• Even PowerShell's built-in cmdlets bind file / directory arguments (parameter values - as opposed to input via the pipeline) not as objects, but as strings (changing this behavior is being discussed in this GitHub issue).

因此，要进行可靠的参数传递，您需要确保 Get-ChildItem 输出始终字符串化为完整路径，而 Get-ChildItem 不会 保证-而且很容易忘记何时出现仅名称字符串化，甚至根本不需要注意它。

Therefore, for robust argument-passing, you need to ensure that your Get-ChildItem output consistently stringifies to full paths, which Get-ChildItem does not guarantee - and it's easy to forget when name-only stringification occurs of even that you need to pay attention to it at all.

始终传递 .FullName 属性值是最简单的解决方法，或者对于使用任何 PowerShell提供程序，而不仅仅是文件系统 .PSPath 。

Always passing the .FullName property values instead is the simplest workaround or, for reliable operation with any PowerShell provider, not just the filesystem, .PSPath.

[System.IO.FileInfo] 和 [System.IO.DirectoryInfo] 实例的输出 Get-ChildItem 命令仅将其字符串化为文件名称，当且仅当 时：

[System.IO.FileInfo] and [System.IO.DirectoryInfo] instances output by a Get-ChildItem command stringify to their file names only, if and only if:

• 如果一个或多个文字目录路径 重新传递给 -LiteralPath 或 -Path （可能是第一个位置参数）或 完全没有路径 （定位到当前位置）；也就是说，如果枚举目录的内容。

• If one or more literal directory paths are passed to -LiteralPath or -Path (possibly as the 1st positional argument) or no path at all is passed (target the current location); that is, if the contents of directories are enumerated.

and 不会还使用 -Include / -Exclude 参数（是否 -Filter 的使用使没有有所不同）。

and does not also use the -Include / -Exclude parameters (whether -Filter is used makes no difference).

通过对比，无论是否以下内容也可以使没有有所不同：

By contrast, whether or not the following are also present makes no difference:

• -过滤器（可选地作为 2nd 位置参数，但请注意，将通配符表达式（例如 *。txt ）指定为 1st （并且可能只有）位置参数绑定到 -Path 参数）


• -Recurse （通过本身，但请注意，它通常与 -Include / -Exclude ）

• -Filter (optionally as the 2nd positional argument, but note that specifying a wildcard expression such as *.txt as the 1st (and possibly only) positional argument binds to the -Path parameter)
• -Recurse (by itself, but note that it is often combined with -Include / -Exclude)

示例命令：

# NAME-ONLY stringification:

Get-ChildItem | % ToString # no target path

Get-ChildItem . | % ToString # path is literal dir.

Get-ChildItem . *.txt | % ToString  # path is literal dir., combined with -Filter

# FULL PATH stringification:

Get-ChildItem foo* | % ToString # non-literal path (wildcard)

Get-ChildItem -Recurse -Include *.txt | % ToString # use of -Include

Get-ChildItem file.txt | % ToString # *file* path

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