如何通过环境文件在Docker中传递环境变量？ [英] How to pass through environment variables in docker run through an env file?

问题描述

给出此Dockerfile：

Given this Dockerfile:

FROM alpine:3.7
ENV LAST_UPDATED=2018-02-22
ARG XDG_CACHE_HOME=/tmp/cache/
RUN apk update && \
    apk add libxslt && \
    apk add sed && \
    apk add py-pip && \
    apk add mariadb-client && \
    apk add bash bash-doc bash-completion && \
    pip install httpie && \
    rm -rf /var/cache/apk/*
WORKDIR /usr/deleter/
COPY delete.sh ./
ENTRYPOINT ["/usr/deleter/delete.sh"]

我希望能够通过传递多个变量.env 文件，格式为 key = value 。

I expected to be able to pass multiple variables through an .env file with the key=value format.

$ cat stage.env 
MYSQL_DATABASE=database
MYSQL_HOST=127.0.0.1:3306
MYSQL_PASSWORD=password
MYSQL_PORT=3306
MYSQL_USER=a_user

我的 delete.sh 看起来像这样：

#!/bin/bash
set -e
set -o pipefail
echo "hello world"
echo ${MYSQL_DATABASE} ${MYSQL_HOST} ${MYSQL_PASSWORD} ${MYSQL_PORT} ${MYSQL_USER}
echo "ALL VARIABLES"
env

我期望看到env变量，但它们都是空的。 -env-file 选项似乎不起作用。脚本的输出为：

I expected to see the env variables, yet they all are empty. The --env-file options seems to be not working. The output of the script is:

hello world

ALL VARIABLES
HOSTNAME=f52c5c2aa22b
PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin
PWD=/usr/deleter
LAST_UPDATED=2018-02-22
SHLVL=1
HOME=/root
_=/usr/bin/env

我通过以下方式创建并运行docker容器：

I create and run the docker container via:

docker build -t deleter:local
docker run deleter:local --env-file stage.env

我尝试过-env-file stage.env ，-env-file = stage.env ，-env文件./stage.env ，但是我看不到任何东西，也没有抛出任何错误。我也用绝对路径进行了尝试。

I tried --env-file stage.env, --env-file=stage.env, --env-file ./stage.env, yet I don't see anything being included nor any thrown error. I also tried it with the absolute path.

stage.env 与我的Dockerfile处于同一级别。

The stage.env is on the same level as my Dockerfile.

env文件有效，我可以在本地计算机上获取该文件，并访问其中的变量。

The env file is valid, I can source it on my local machine an access the variables there.

我的错误在哪里？

推荐答案

请记住 docker运行参数顺序是强制性的：

Keep in mind that the docker run argument order is mandatory:

$ docker help run 
Usage:  docker run [OPTIONS] IMAGE [COMMAND] [ARG...]

环境设置属于以下选项：

The environment setting fall under options:

 -e, --env list                       Set environment variables
     --env-file list                  Read in a file of environment 

因此：

docker run --env-file stage.env run deleter:local

将按预期导入环境变量。

will import the environment variables as expected.

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