是否有日期/时间间隔格式的名称，例如“ 1h10m”？ [英] Is there a name for date/time interval format like "1h10m"

问题描述

即使在软件外部，以截断的方式交流时间或日期间隔也是很平常的事。例如： 1h10m 表示为一个小时零十分钟。

It's commonplace even outside of software to communicate time or date intervals in a truncated manner. For example: 1h10m translates to "One hour and ten minutes."

这可以抽象为一组规则。例如：日期间隔表示为 _h ， _m （等等）的组合，其中 _ 字符代表非负整数或浮点数，它们被加到一个日期间隔对象中。

This could be abstracted to a set of rules. For instance: A date interval is represented as a combination of _h, _m, (and so on), where _ characters represent non-negative integers or floats, which are summed into one date interval object.

混合天数，小时，允许分钟。例如， 0.5d1h60m 将是 14h 的同义词。

Mixing days, hours, minutes are allowed. For example, 0.5d1h60m would be a synonym for 14h.

在任何地方都有类似的标准吗？

Is there a standard defined out there anywhere that resembles this?

推荐答案

此标准是持续时间，由 ISO 8601 定义。
请注意，时间间隔是一个不同的概念（也由相同的ISO定义），尽管两者密切相关：

The standard for this is a Duration, defined by ISO 8601. Note that an Interval is a different concept (also defined by the same ISO), although both are closely related:

• 持续时间定义了一个时间时间（例如 1小时10分钟或 2年3个月4天）。但它不会告诉您开始或结束的时间（相对于什么时间是 1小时10分钟）。


• 间隔（引用维基百科）是两个时间点之间的间隔时间 。它具有定义的开始日期和结束日期，但是您可以使用 Duration 进行定义，因为它可以有4种不同的格式：
  
  

• A Duration defines an amount of time (like "1 hour and 10 minutes" or "2 years, 3 months and 4 days"). But it doesn't tell you when it starts or ends ("1 hours and 10 minutes" relative to what?). It's just the amount of time, by itself.
• An Interval (quoting wikipedia) is "the intervening time between two time points". It has a defined start and end dates, but you can use a Duration to define it, as it can have 4 different formats:

1. 开始和结束，例如 2007-03-01T13：00：00Z / 2008-05-11T15：30：00Z


2. 开始和持续时间，例如 2007-03-01T13：00：00Z / P1Y2M10DT2H30M


3. 持续时间和结束时间，例如 P1Y2M10DT2H30M / 2008-05-11T15：30：00Z


4. 仅持续时间，例如 P1Y2M10DT2H30M ，以及其他上下文信息

1. Start and end, such as 2007-03-01T13:00:00Z/2008-05-11T15:30:00Z
2. Start and duration, such as 2007-03-01T13:00:00Z/P1Y2M10DT2H30M
3. Duration and end, such as P1Y2M10DT2H30M/2008-05-11T15:30:00Z
4. Duration only, such as P1Y2M10DT2H30M, with additional context information

案例1、2和3是等效的（都具有相同的开始和结束日期）。唯一的区别是，在情况2和3中，持续时间 P1Y2M10DT2H30M 用于计算另一个日期（在情况2中，将其添加到开始日期， 3您将其从结束日期中减去）。

Cases 1, 2 and 3 are equivalent (all have the same start and end dates). The only difference is that in cases 2 and 3, the duration P1Y2M10DT2H30M is used to calculate the other date (in case 2, you add it to the start date, and in case 3 you subtract it from the end date).

如上所示， 持续时间的标准格式为 P [n] Y [n] M [n] DT [n] H [n] M [n] S ，其中：

As you can notice above, the standard format for a Duration is P[n]Y[n]M[n]DT[n]H[n]M[n]S, where:

• P是放置在持续时间表示开始处的持续时间指示符（用于周期）。


• Y是遵循年份值的年份指示符。


• M是遵循月份值的月份指示符。


• W是遵循周数的星期指示符。


• D是遵循天数的星期指示符。 / li>
  
• T是表示形式的时间成分之前的时间指示符。


• H是表示时间的指示符跟随小时数的值。


• M是跟随分钟数的值的分钟指示符。


• S是第二个

• P is the duration designator (for period) placed at the start of the duration representation.
• Y is the year designator that follows the value for the number of years.
• M is the month designator that follows the value for the number of months.
• W is the week designator that follows the value for the number of weeks.
• D is the day designator that follows the value for the number of days.
• T is the time designator that precedes the time components of the representation.
• H is the hour designator that follows the value for the number of hours.
• M is the minute designator that follows the value for the number of minutes.
• S is the second designator that follows the value for the number of seconds.

因此， 1年10个月表示为 P1Y10M 和 1小时10分钟是 PT1H10M （请注意 T 需要解决1个月（ P1M ）和1分钟（ PT1M ）之间的潜在歧义与指定人相同的字母 M ）。

So, "1 year and 10 months" is represented as P1Y10M and "1 hour and 10 minutes" is PT1H10M (note that the T is required to resolve the potencial ambiguity between 1 month (P1M) and 1 minute (PT1M), as they use the same letter M as designator).

与@MattJohnson评论，日期的数学并不总是很明显，因此不同持续时间之间的等效性不是我们通常期望的。

As @MattJohnson commented, the math with dates it's not always obvious, so the equivalence between different durations can't be what we normally expect.

对于下面的示例，我正在使用Java 8（只是为了展示持续时间是多么棘手）。请注意， java.time API使用2个不同的类（ Period 和 Duration ），但两者的想法是相同的（它们都是时间量）。

For the examples below, I'm using Java 8 (just to show how durations can be tricky). Note that the java.time API uses 2 different classes (Period and Duration), but the idea for both is the same (they're both amounts of time).

• A持续时间1个月等于多少天？这取决于：

• A duration of 1 month is equivalent to how many days? It depends:

// one month period
Period oneMonth = Period.parse("P1M");
// January 1st
LocalDate jan = LocalDate.of(2016, 1, 1);
System.out.println(jan); // 2016-01-01
// January 1st plus 1 month period = February 1st
LocalDate feb = jan.plus(oneMonth);
System.out.println(feb); // 2016-02-01
// February 1st plus 1 month period = March 1st
LocalDate mar = feb.plus(oneMonth);
System.out.println(mar); // 2016-03-01

// difference between Jan 1st and Feb 1st = 31 days
System.out.println(ChronoUnit.DAYS.between(jan, feb)); // 31
// difference between Feb 1st and Mar 1st = 29 days (2016 is leap year)
System.out.println(ChronoUnit.DAYS.between(feb, mar)); // 29

因此，将1个月添加到 1月1日 ^st 会导致 2月1日 ^st -在这种情况下，1个月等于31天（又名添加1个月的持续时间（ P1M ）等同于添加31天的持续时间（ P31D ）），然后在2月1日 ^st 中加上1个月，就会导致 3月1日 ^st （在本例中为1月= 29天，因为2016年是a年。）

So, adding 1 month to January 1^st results in February 1^st - in this case, 1 month is equivalent 31 days (A.K.A. adding a 1 month duration (P1M) is equivalent to adding a 31 days duration (P31D)), and adding 1 month to February 1^st results in March 1^st (in this case, 1 month = 29 days, because 2016 is a leap year).

• 1天= 24小时？不总是。如果涉及到夏令时转换，您会得到奇怪的结果：

• 1 day = 24 hours? Not always. If there's a Daylight Saving Time shift involved, you can get strange results:

// 1 day period
Period oneDay = Period.parse("P1D");
// 24 hours period
Duration twentyFourHours = Duration.parse("PT24H");
// in Sao Paulo, summer time starts at Oct 15, at midnight
// getting a date one day before DST change, at 10:00 AM
ZonedDateTime z = ZonedDateTime.of(2017, 10, 14, 10, 0, 0, 0, ZoneId.of("America/Sao_Paulo"));
System.out.println(z); // 2017-10-14T10:00-03:00[America/Sao_Paulo]

// add 1 day - gets the same hour (10:00 AM)
System.out.println(z.plus(oneDay)); // 2017-10-15T10:00-02:00[America/Sao_Paulo]

// add 24 hours - gets 11:00 AM because of DST shift (at midnight, clocks moved forward 1 hour)
System.out.println(z.plus(twentyFourHours)); // 2017-10-15T11:00-02:00[America/Sao_Paulo]

在圣保罗，2017年10月15日 ，DST开始（时钟向前移动1小时），因此：

In São Paulo, at October 15^th, 2017, DST starts (clocks are moved forward by 1 hour), so:

• 如果您将 24小时添加到10月14日 的 10点，您会在 11 AM


• 10月15日 ^th 1天，您将在 10 AM

• If you add 24 hours to October 14^th at 10 AM, you'll get October 15^th at 11 AM
• But if you add 1 day, you'll get October 15^th at 10 AM

因此，在这种情况下，1天= 23小时-这意味着添加1天的持续时间（ P1D ）等同于增加23小时的持续时间（ PT23H ）

So, in this case, 1 day = 23 hours - it means that adding a 1 day duration (P1D) is equivalent to adding a 23 hours duration (PT23H)

DST结束后，相反：时钟向后移动1个小时，而1天等于25个小时。

When DST ends, is the opposite: clocks move back 1 hour, and 1 day will be equivalent to 25 hours.

因此，该标准定义了时间概念的格式和含义，但是不同持续时间之间的等价性取决于c ontext（尽管听起来1天不一定总是24小时，但是日期/时间数学并不像我们想要的那么明显，这听起来似乎不是直觉。）

So, the standard defines the format and meaning of the amounts of time concepts, but the equivalence between different durations will depend on the context (although it might sound non-intuitive that 1 day is not always 24 hours, but date/time math is not as obvious as we'd like).

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