如何使用Django在表单中创建自动完成输入字段 [英] how to create a autocomplete input field in a form using Django

问题描述

我对django及其方式还很陌生.我正在尝试为表单创建自动完成字段.我的代码如下

forms.py

from django import forms

class LeaveForm(forms.Form):
    leave_list = (
        ('Casual Leave', 'Casual Leave'),
        ('Sick Leave', 'Sick Leave')
    )
    from_email = forms.EmailField(required=True, widget=forms.TextInput(attrs={'style': 'width: 400px'}))
    start_date = end_date = forms.CharField(widget=forms.TextInput(attrs={'type': 'date', 'style': 'width: 175px'}))
    leave_type = forms.ChoiceField(choices=leave_list, widget=forms.Select(attrs={'style': 'width: 400px'}))
    comments = forms.CharField(required=True, widget=forms.Textarea(attrs={'style': 'width: 400px; height: 247px'}))

    def clean_from_email(self):
        data = self.cleaned_data['from_email']
        if "@testdomain.com" not in data:
            raise forms.ValidationError("Must be @testdomain.com")
        return data

我想要实现的是，当用户在"From Email"字段中键入单词时，我存储在外部数据库中的电子邮件列表应出现在自动完成列表"选项中.

models.py

from django.db import models


class ListOfUsers(models.Model):
    emp_number = models.CharField(db_column='Emp_Number', primary_key=True, max_length=50, unique=True)  # Field name made lowercase.
    name = models.CharField(db_column='Name', max_length=40)  # Field name made lowercase.
    supervisor = models.CharField(db_column='Supervisor', max_length=40)  # Field name made lowercase.
    email = models.CharField(db_column='Email', max_length=50, blank=False, null=False, unique=True)  # Field name made lowercase.


    class Meta:
        managed = False
        db_table = 'List of users'

有什么想法可以做到吗?

更新:

我开始弄乱django-autocomplete-light，现在能够从自动完成网址获得回复.看起来像这样

{"results": [{"id": "[e-mail]", "text": "[e-mail]"}, {"id": "[e-mail]", "text": "[e-mail]"}, {"id": "[e-mail]", "text": "[e-mail]"}]}

views.py

class EmailAutocomplete(autocomplete.Select2ListView):
    def get_list(self):
        qs = ListOfUsers.objects.using('legacy')

        if self.q:
            qs = qs.filter(email__icontains=self.q).values_list('email', flat=True)

        return qs

我仍然不知道如何获取此数据以显示在"from_email"

字段中

解决方案

我终于按照此处找到的说明进行了自动完成搜索

https://github.com/xcash/bootstrap-autocomplete
https://bootstrap-autocomplete.readthedocs.io/en/latest/

使用非常简单，不需要在settings.py中安装任何应用程序，并且它同时适用于引导程序3和引导程序4

还有很多其他可用的软件包，但这对我来说很简单.

我将解释我使用的代码

page.html

{% block script %}
    <script src="https://cdn.rawgit.com/xcash/bootstrap-autocomplete/3de7ad37/dist/latest/bootstrap-autocomplete.js"></script>
    <script>
        $('.basicAutoComplete').autoComplete(
            {minLength: 1}
        );
        $('.dropdown-menu').css({'top': 'auto', 'left': 'auto'})

    </script>
{% endblock %}
.
.
.
.
.
{% if field.name == "from_email" %}
   {% render_field field class="basicAutoComplete form-control" %}
{% else %}
   {% render_field field class="form-control" %}
{% endif %}

autoComplete是执行操作所调用的函数，而minLength指定执行提取操作之前文本的最小长度 我添加了一个额外的CSS来修复自动填充下拉菜单，否则很奇怪.

Jinja渲染器不断从视图覆盖类定义，因此我添加了if检查.

urls.py

from . import views

urlpatterns = [
    .
    .
    .
    path('email_autocomplete/', views.email_autocomplete, name='email_autocomplete')
]

将此行添加到urls.py

forms.py

class LeaveForm(forms.Form):
    from_email = forms.EmailField(required=True, widget=forms.TextInput(
        attrs={
            'style': 'width: 400px',
            'class': 'basicAutoComplete',
            'data-url': "/domain/email_autocomplete/"
        }))

上面是forms.py中输入字段的代码. data-url指向将在其中生成JSON结果的地方.

views.py

from django.http import HttpResponse, HttpResponseRedirect, JsonResponse
        from .models import model

        def email_autocomplete(request):
            if request.GET.get('q'):
                q = request.GET['q']
                data = model.objects.using('legacy').filter(email__startswith=q).values_list('email',flat=True)
                json = list(data)
                return JsonResponse(json, safe=False)
            else:
                HttpResponse("No cookies")

对我来说这是最令人困惑的部分. GET请求很容易理解，但是花了一些时间将数据从model.objects转换为JSON格式的对象.诀窍是使用

values_list('columnName',flat=True)

从数据库中过滤数据时，然后使用list(data)转换为列表，最后使用JsonResponse将其转换为JSON.

希望这对想要简单自动完成的任何人都有帮助

I am pretty new to django and its ways. I am trying to create an autocomplete field for a form. My code is as below

forms.py

from django import forms

class LeaveForm(forms.Form):
    leave_list = (
        ('Casual Leave', 'Casual Leave'),
        ('Sick Leave', 'Sick Leave')
    )
    from_email = forms.EmailField(required=True, widget=forms.TextInput(attrs={'style': 'width: 400px'}))
    start_date = end_date = forms.CharField(widget=forms.TextInput(attrs={'type': 'date', 'style': 'width: 175px'}))
    leave_type = forms.ChoiceField(choices=leave_list, widget=forms.Select(attrs={'style': 'width: 400px'}))
    comments = forms.CharField(required=True, widget=forms.Textarea(attrs={'style': 'width: 400px; height: 247px'}))

    def clean_from_email(self):
        data = self.cleaned_data['from_email']
        if "@testdomain.com" not in data:
            raise forms.ValidationError("Must be @testdomain.com")
        return data

What I want to achieve is that when an user types words into the "From Email" field the list of emails I have stored in an external DB should appear in the autocomplete list option.

models.py

from django.db import models


class ListOfUsers(models.Model):
    emp_number = models.CharField(db_column='Emp_Number', primary_key=True, max_length=50, unique=True)  # Field name made lowercase.
    name = models.CharField(db_column='Name', max_length=40)  # Field name made lowercase.
    supervisor = models.CharField(db_column='Supervisor', max_length=40)  # Field name made lowercase.
    email = models.CharField(db_column='Email', max_length=50, blank=False, null=False, unique=True)  # Field name made lowercase.


    class Meta:
        managed = False
        db_table = 'List of users'

Any idea how this can be done ?

Update :

I started messing around with django-autocomplete-light and now able to get a reply from the autocomplete url. It looks like this

{"results": [{"id": "[e-mail]", "text": "[e-mail]"}, {"id": "[e-mail]", "text": "[e-mail]"}, {"id": "[e-mail]", "text": "[e-mail]"}]}

views.py

class EmailAutocomplete(autocomplete.Select2ListView):
    def get_list(self):
        qs = ListOfUsers.objects.using('legacy')

        if self.q:
            qs = qs.filter(email__icontains=self.q).values_list('email', flat=True)

        return qs

I still do not know how to get this data to appear in the field "from_email"

解决方案

I finally got the autocomplete search working using the instructions found here

https://github.com/xcash/bootstrap-autocomplete
https://bootstrap-autocomplete.readthedocs.io/en/latest/

It is very simple to use and does not need to install any app in settings.py and it works for both bootstrap 3 and bootstrap 4

There are lot of other packages available but this was simple and easy for my need.

I am going to explain the code I used

page.html

{% block script %}
    <script src="https://cdn.rawgit.com/xcash/bootstrap-autocomplete/3de7ad37/dist/latest/bootstrap-autocomplete.js"></script>
    <script>
        $('.basicAutoComplete').autoComplete(
            {minLength: 1}
        );
        $('.dropdown-menu').css({'top': 'auto', 'left': 'auto'})

    </script>
{% endblock %}
.
.
.
.
.
{% if field.name == "from_email" %}
   {% render_field field class="basicAutoComplete form-control" %}
{% else %}
   {% render_field field class="form-control" %}
{% endif %}

autoComplete is the function called to perform the action and minLength specifies the minimum length of the text before performing the fetch action I added an extra CSS to fix the autocomplete dropdown otherwise it was weird.

The Jinja render kept overwriting the class definition from views so I added an if check for it.

urls.py

from . import views

urlpatterns = [
    .
    .
    .
    path('email_autocomplete/', views.email_autocomplete, name='email_autocomplete')
]

Added this line to urls.py

forms.py

class LeaveForm(forms.Form):
    from_email = forms.EmailField(required=True, widget=forms.TextInput(
        attrs={
            'style': 'width: 400px',
            'class': 'basicAutoComplete',
            'data-url': "/domain/email_autocomplete/"
        }))

The above is the code for the input field in forms.py. data-url points to where the JSON result would be generated.

views.py

from django.http import HttpResponse, HttpResponseRedirect, JsonResponse
        from .models import model

        def email_autocomplete(request):
            if request.GET.get('q'):
                q = request.GET['q']
                data = model.objects.using('legacy').filter(email__startswith=q).values_list('email',flat=True)
                json = list(data)
                return JsonResponse(json, safe=False)
            else:
                HttpResponse("No cookies")

This was the most confusing part for me. The GET request is easy to understand but it took a while to convert the data from model.objects into a JSON formatted object. The trick was to use

values_list('columnName',flat=True)

when filtering the data from the database, then converting to a list using list(data) and finally use JsonResponse to convert it to JSON.

Hope this will help any one who wants a simple autocomplete

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