Python:如何将具有Unicode文件名的文件移动到Unicode文件夹 [英] Python: How to move a file with unicode filename to a unicode folder

问题描述

我在Windows下使用Python脚本在名为unicode的文件夹之间移动名为unicode的文件时遇到了麻烦...

I'm having hell with moving a unicode named file between unicode named folders in a Python script under Windows...

您将使用什么语法在文件夹中查找* .ext类型的所有文件并将其移至相对位置?

What syntax would you use to find all files of type *.ext in a folder and move them to a relative location?

假设文件和文件夹是unicode.

Assume files and folders are unicode.

推荐答案

基本问题是Unicode和字节字符串之间未转换的混合.解决方案可以转换为单一格式，也可以避免一些麻烦而避免出现问题.我所有的解决方案都包括glob和shutil标准库.

The basic problem is the unconverted mix between Unicode and byte strings. The solutions can be converting to a single format or avoiding the problems using some trickery. All of my solutions include the glob and shutil standard library.

为方便起见，我有一些以ods结尾的Unicode文件名，我想将它们移动到名为א(希伯来语Aleph，一个Unicode字符)的子目录中.

For the sake of example, I have some Unicode filenames ending with ods, and I want to move them to the subdirectory called א (Hebrew Aleph, a unicode character).

>>> import glob
>>> import shutil
>>> files=glob.glob('*.ods')      # List of Byte string file names
>>> for file in files:
...     shutil.copy2(file, 'א')   # Byte string directory name
... 

第二个解决方案-将文件名转换为Unicode:

>>> import glob
>>> import shutil
>>> files=glob.glob(u'*.ods')     # List of Unicode file names
>>> for file in files:
...     shutil.copy2(file, u'א')  # Unicode directory name

向Ezio Melotti致谢， Python错误列表.

Credit to the Ezio Melotti, Python bug list.

尽管我认为这不是最佳解决方案，但这里有一个不错的技巧值得一提.

Although this isn't the best solution in my opinion, there is a nice trick here that's worth mentioning.

使用os.getcwd()将目录更改为目标目录，然后将其引用为.将文件复制到该目录:

Change your directory to the destination directory using os.getcwd(), and then copy the files to it by referring to it as .:

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import os
import shutil
import glob

os.chdir('א')                   # CD to the destination Unicode directory
print os.getcwd()               # DEBUG: Make sure you're in the right place
files=glob.glob('../*.ods')     # List of Byte string file names
for file in files:
        shutil.copy2(file, '.') # Copy each file
# Don't forget to go back to the original directory here, if it matters

更深入的解释

直接方法shutil.copy2(src, dest)失败，因为shutil将具有ASCII字符串的unicode串联而无需进行转换:

Deeper explanation

The straightforward approach shutil.copy2(src, dest) fails because shutil concatenates a unicode with ASCII string without conversions:

>>> files=glob.glob('*.ods')
>>> for file in files:
...     shutil.copy2(file, u'א')
... 
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 2, in <module>
  File "/usr/lib/python2.6/shutil.py", line 98, in copy2
    dst = os.path.join(dst, os.path.basename(src))
  File "/usr/lib/python2.6/posixpath.py", line 70, in join
    path += '/' + b
UnicodeDecodeError: 'ascii' codec can't decode byte 0xd7 in position 1: 
                    ordinal not in range(128)

如前所述，使用'א'代替Unicode u'א'

As seen before, this can be avoided when using 'א' instead of the Unicode u'א'

在我看来，这是一个错误，因为Python不能期望basedir名称始终为str，而不是unicode.我已经在Python Buglist中将此问题报告为一个问题，并等待响应.

In my opinion, this is bug, because Python cannot expect basedir names to be always str, not unicode. I have reported this as an issue in the Python buglist, and waiting for responses.

Python的官方Unicode HOWTO

这篇关于Python:如何将具有Unicode文件名的文件移动到Unicode文件夹的文章就介绍到这了，希望我们推荐的答案对大家有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持IT屋！