< context:annotation-config>之间的区别和< context:component-scan> [英] Difference between <context:annotation-config> and <context:component-scan>

问题描述

我正在学习Spring 3，我似乎并不了解<context:annotation-config>和<context:component-scan>背后的功能.

从我阅读的内容来看，它们似乎处理不同的注释(@Required，@Autowired等与@Component，@Repository，@Service等)，但是我看过他们注册了相同的 bean后处理器类.

让我更加困惑的是，在<context:component-scan>上有一个annotation-config 属性.

有人可以阐明这些标签吗?相似之处是什么，不同之处是，一个被另一个取代，它们彼此完成，我是否需要其中一个?

解决方案

<context:annotation-config>用于激活已经在应用程序上下文中注册的bean中的注释(无论它们是使用XML定义还是通过包扫描定义的).

<context:component-scan>也可以执行<context:annotation-config>的操作，但是<context:component-scan>还会扫描程序包以在应用程序上下文中查找并注册bean.

我将使用一些示例来展示差异/相似之处.

让我们从对三个类型为A，B和C的bean的基本设置开始，然后将B和C注入到A中.

package com.xxx;
public class B {
  public B() {
    System.out.println("creating bean B: " + this);
  }
}

package com.xxx;
public class C {
  public C() {
    System.out.println("creating bean C: " + this);
  }
}

package com.yyy;
import com.xxx.B;
import com.xxx.C;
public class A { 
  private B bbb;
  private C ccc;
  public A() {
    System.out.println("creating bean A: " + this);
  }
  public void setBbb(B bbb) {
    System.out.println("setting A.bbb with " + bbb);
    this.bbb = bbb;
  }
  public void setCcc(C ccc) {
    System.out.println("setting A.ccc with " + ccc);
    this.ccc = ccc; 
  }
}

具有以下XML配置:

<bean id="bBean" class="com.xxx.B" />
<bean id="cBean" class="com.xxx.C" />
<bean id="aBean" class="com.yyy.A">
  <property name="bbb" ref="bBean" />
  <property name="ccc" ref="cBean" />
</bean>

加载上下文会产生以下输出:

creating bean B: com.xxx.B@c2ff5
creating bean C: com.xxx.C@1e8a1f6
creating bean A: com.yyy.A@1e152c5
setting A.bbb with com.xxx.B@c2ff5
setting A.ccc with com.xxx.C@1e8a1f6

好的，这是预期的输出.但这是旧风格"的春天.现在我们有了注释，因此让我们使用它们来简化XML.

首先，让我们自动装配bean A上的bbb和ccc属性，如下所示:

package com.yyy;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import com.xxx.B;
import com.xxx.C;
public class A { 
  private B bbb;
  private C ccc;
  public A() {
    System.out.println("creating bean A: " + this);
  }
  @Autowired
  public void setBbb(B bbb) {
    System.out.println("setting A.bbb with " + bbb);
    this.bbb = bbb;
  }
  @Autowired
  public void setCcc(C ccc) {
    System.out.println("setting A.ccc with " + ccc);
    this.ccc = ccc;
  }
}

这使我可以从XML中删除以下行:

<property name="bbb" ref="bBean" />
<property name="ccc" ref="cBean" />

我的XML现在简化为:

<bean id="bBean" class="com.xxx.B" />
<bean id="cBean" class="com.xxx.C" />
<bean id="aBean" class="com.yyy.A" />

当我加载上下文时，我得到以下输出:

creating bean B: com.xxx.B@5e5a50
creating bean C: com.xxx.C@54a328
creating bean A: com.yyy.A@a3d4cf

好的，这是错误的！发生了什么?为什么我的房屋不自动接线?

嗯，注释是一个不错的功能，但是就其本身而言，它们什么也没做.他们只是注释东西.您需要一个处理工具来查找批注并对其进行处理.

<context:annotation-config>进行救援.这将激活对在定义自身的相同应用程序上下文中定义的bean上发现的注释的操作.

如果我将XML更改为此:

<context:annotation-config />
<bean id="bBean" class="com.xxx.B" />
<bean id="cBean" class="com.xxx.C" />
<bean id="aBean" class="com.yyy.A" />

当我加载应用程序上下文时，我会得到正确的结果:

creating bean B: com.xxx.B@15663a2
creating bean C: com.xxx.C@cd5f8b
creating bean A: com.yyy.A@157aa53
setting A.bbb with com.xxx.B@15663a2
setting A.ccc with com.xxx.C@cd5f8b

好的，这很好，但是我从XML中删除了两行并添加了一行.那不是很大的区别.带注释的想法是应该删除XML.

因此，让我们删除XML定义，并全部用注释替换:

package com.xxx;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
@Component
public class B {
  public B() {
    System.out.println("creating bean B: " + this);
  }
}

package com.xxx;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
@Component
public class C {
  public C() {
    System.out.println("creating bean C: " + this);
  }
}

package com.yyy;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import com.xxx.B;
import com.xxx.C;
@Component
public class A { 
  private B bbb;
  private C ccc;
  public A() {
    System.out.println("creating bean A: " + this);
  }
  @Autowired
  public void setBbb(B bbb) {
    System.out.println("setting A.bbb with " + bbb);
    this.bbb = bbb;
  }
  @Autowired
  public void setCcc(C ccc) {
    System.out.println("setting A.ccc with " + ccc);
    this.ccc = ccc;
  }
}

在XML中，我们仅保留以下内容:

<context:annotation-config />

我们加载上下文，结果是……一无所有.没有创建bean，也没有自动装配bean.没事！

这是因为，正如我在第一段中所述，<context:annotation-config />仅适用于在应用程序上下文中注册的bean.因为我删除了这三个bean的XML配置，所以没有创建bean，并且<context:annotation-config />没有要处理的目标".

但是对于<context:component-scan>来说这不是问题，它可以扫描软件包以查找目标"以进行处理.让我们将XML配置的内容更改为以下条目:

<context:component-scan base-package="com.xxx" />

当我加载上下文时，我得到以下输出:

creating bean B: com.xxx.B@1be0f0a
creating bean C: com.xxx.C@80d1ff

嗯...有些东西丢失了.为什么?

如果仔细观察这些类，则类A具有程序包com.yyy，但是我已经在<context:component-scan>中指定使用程序包com.xxx，因此这完全错过了我的A类，并且只接受了<com.xxx软件包中的c14>和C.

要解决此问题，我还添加了另一个软件包:

<context:component-scan base-package="com.xxx,com.yyy" />

现在我们得到了预期的结果:

creating bean B: com.xxx.B@cd5f8b
creating bean C: com.xxx.C@15ac3c9
creating bean A: com.yyy.A@ec4a87
setting A.bbb with com.xxx.B@cd5f8b
setting A.ccc with com.xxx.C@15ac3c9

就是这样！现在您不再具有XML定义，而具有注释.

作为最后一个示例，保留带注释的类A，B和C并将以下内容添加到XML中，加载上下文后会得到什么?

<context:component-scan base-package="com.xxx" />
<bean id="aBean" class="com.yyy.A" />

我们仍然得到正确的结果:

creating bean B: com.xxx.B@157aa53
creating bean C: com.xxx.C@ec4a87
creating bean A: com.yyy.A@1d64c37
setting A.bbb with com.xxx.B@157aa53
setting A.ccc with com.xxx.C@ec4a87

即使不是通过扫描获得类A的bean，<context:component-scan>仍将处理工具应用于所有已注册的bean 在应用程序上下文中，甚至对于在XML中手动注册的A.

但是如果我们具有以下XML，会因为我们同时指定了<context:annotation-config />和<context:component-scan>而得到重复的bean吗?

<context:annotation-config />
<context:component-scan base-package="com.xxx" />
<bean id="aBean" class="com.yyy.A" />

不，没有重复，我们再次获得了预期的结果:

creating bean B: com.xxx.B@157aa53
creating bean C: com.xxx.C@ec4a87
creating bean A: com.yyy.A@1d64c37
setting A.bbb with com.xxx.B@157aa53
setting A.ccc with com.xxx.C@ec4a87

这是因为两个标签都注册了相同的处理工具(如果指定了<context:component-scan>，则可以省略<context:annotation-config />)，但是Spring只会运行它们一次.

即使您自己多次注册处理工具，Spring仍将确保它们仅执行一次魔术；此XML:

<context:annotation-config />
<context:component-scan base-package="com.xxx" />
<bean id="aBean" class="com.yyy.A" />
<bean id="bla" class="org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor" />
<bean id="bla1" class="org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor" />
<bean id="bla2" class="org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor" />
<bean id="bla3" class="org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor" />

仍然会产生以下结果:

creating bean B: com.xxx.B@157aa53
creating bean C: com.xxx.C@ec4a87
creating bean A: com.yyy.A@25d2b2
setting A.bbb with com.xxx.B@157aa53
setting A.ccc with com.xxx.C@ec4a87

好的，关于说唱.

我希望您能了解这些信息以及@Tomasz Nurkiewicz和@Sean Patrick Floyd的回复， <context:annotation-config>和<context:component-scan>起作用.

I'm learning Spring 3 and I don't seem to grasp the functionality behind <context:annotation-config> and <context:component-scan>.

From what I've read they seem to handle different annotations (@Required, @Autowired etc vs @Component, @Repository, @Service etc), but also from what I've read they register the same bean post processor classes.

To confuse me even more, there is an annotation-config attribute on <context:component-scan>.

Can someone shed some light on these tags? What's similar, what's different, is one superseded by the other, they complete each other, do I need one of them, both?

解决方案

<context:annotation-config> is used to activate annotations in beans already registered in the application context (no matter if they were defined with XML or by package scanning).

<context:component-scan> can also do what <context:annotation-config> does but <context:component-scan> also scans packages to find and register beans within the application context.

I'll use some examples to show the differences/similarities.

Lets start with a basic setup of three beans of type A, B and C, with B and C being injected into A.

package com.xxx;
public class B {
  public B() {
    System.out.println("creating bean B: " + this);
  }
}

package com.xxx;
public class C {
  public C() {
    System.out.println("creating bean C: " + this);
  }
}

package com.yyy;
import com.xxx.B;
import com.xxx.C;
public class A { 
  private B bbb;
  private C ccc;
  public A() {
    System.out.println("creating bean A: " + this);
  }
  public void setBbb(B bbb) {
    System.out.println("setting A.bbb with " + bbb);
    this.bbb = bbb;
  }
  public void setCcc(C ccc) {
    System.out.println("setting A.ccc with " + ccc);
    this.ccc = ccc; 
  }
}

With the following XML configuration :

<bean id="bBean" class="com.xxx.B" />
<bean id="cBean" class="com.xxx.C" />
<bean id="aBean" class="com.yyy.A">
  <property name="bbb" ref="bBean" />
  <property name="ccc" ref="cBean" />
</bean>

Loading the context produces the following output:

creating bean B: com.xxx.B@c2ff5
creating bean C: com.xxx.C@1e8a1f6
creating bean A: com.yyy.A@1e152c5
setting A.bbb with com.xxx.B@c2ff5
setting A.ccc with com.xxx.C@1e8a1f6

OK, this is the expected output. But this is "old style" Spring. Now we have annotations so lets use those to simplify the XML.

First, lets autowire the bbb and ccc properties on bean A like so:

package com.yyy;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import com.xxx.B;
import com.xxx.C;
public class A { 
  private B bbb;
  private C ccc;
  public A() {
    System.out.println("creating bean A: " + this);
  }
  @Autowired
  public void setBbb(B bbb) {
    System.out.println("setting A.bbb with " + bbb);
    this.bbb = bbb;
  }
  @Autowired
  public void setCcc(C ccc) {
    System.out.println("setting A.ccc with " + ccc);
    this.ccc = ccc;
  }
}

This allows me to remove the following rows from the XML:

<property name="bbb" ref="bBean" />
<property name="ccc" ref="cBean" />

My XML is now simplified to this:

<bean id="bBean" class="com.xxx.B" />
<bean id="cBean" class="com.xxx.C" />
<bean id="aBean" class="com.yyy.A" />

When I load the context I get the following output:

creating bean B: com.xxx.B@5e5a50
creating bean C: com.xxx.C@54a328
creating bean A: com.yyy.A@a3d4cf

OK, this is wrong! What happened? Why aren't my properties autowired?

Well, annotations are a nice feature but by themselves they do nothing whatsoever. They just annotate stuff. You need a processing tool to find the annotations and do something with them.

<context:annotation-config> to the rescue. This activates the actions for the annotations that it finds on the beans defined in the same application context where itself is defined.

If I change my XML to this:

<context:annotation-config />
<bean id="bBean" class="com.xxx.B" />
<bean id="cBean" class="com.xxx.C" />
<bean id="aBean" class="com.yyy.A" />

when I load the application context I get the proper result:

creating bean B: com.xxx.B@15663a2
creating bean C: com.xxx.C@cd5f8b
creating bean A: com.yyy.A@157aa53
setting A.bbb with com.xxx.B@15663a2
setting A.ccc with com.xxx.C@cd5f8b

OK, this is nice, but I've removed two rows from the XML and added one. That's not a very big difference. The idea with annotations is that it's supposed to remove the XML.

So let's remove the XML definitions and replace them all with annotations:

package com.xxx;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
@Component
public class B {
  public B() {
    System.out.println("creating bean B: " + this);
  }
}

package com.xxx;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
@Component
public class C {
  public C() {
    System.out.println("creating bean C: " + this);
  }
}

package com.yyy;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import com.xxx.B;
import com.xxx.C;
@Component
public class A { 
  private B bbb;
  private C ccc;
  public A() {
    System.out.println("creating bean A: " + this);
  }
  @Autowired
  public void setBbb(B bbb) {
    System.out.println("setting A.bbb with " + bbb);
    this.bbb = bbb;
  }
  @Autowired
  public void setCcc(C ccc) {
    System.out.println("setting A.ccc with " + ccc);
    this.ccc = ccc;
  }
}

While in the XML we only keep this:

<context:annotation-config />

We load the context and the result is... Nothing. No beans are created, no beans are autowired. Nothing!

That's because, as I said in the first paragraph, the <context:annotation-config /> only works on beans registered within the application context. Because I removed the XML configuration for the three beans there is no bean created and <context:annotation-config /> has no "targets" to work on.

But that won't be a problem for <context:component-scan> which can scan a package for "targets" to work on. Let's change the content of the XML config into the following entry:

<context:component-scan base-package="com.xxx" />

When I load the context I get the following output:

creating bean B: com.xxx.B@1be0f0a
creating bean C: com.xxx.C@80d1ff

Hmmmm... something is missing. Why?

If you look closelly at the classes, class A has package com.yyy but I've specified in the <context:component-scan> to use package com.xxx so this completely missed my A class and only picked up B and C which are on the com.xxx package.

To fix this, I add this other package also:

<context:component-scan base-package="com.xxx,com.yyy" />

and now we get the expected result:

creating bean B: com.xxx.B@cd5f8b
creating bean C: com.xxx.C@15ac3c9
creating bean A: com.yyy.A@ec4a87
setting A.bbb with com.xxx.B@cd5f8b
setting A.ccc with com.xxx.C@15ac3c9

And that's it! Now you don't have XML definitions anymore, you have annotations.

As a final example, keeping the annotated classes A, B and C and adding the following to the XML, what will we get after loading the context?

<context:component-scan base-package="com.xxx" />
<bean id="aBean" class="com.yyy.A" />

We still get the correct result:

creating bean B: com.xxx.B@157aa53
creating bean C: com.xxx.C@ec4a87
creating bean A: com.yyy.A@1d64c37
setting A.bbb with com.xxx.B@157aa53
setting A.ccc with com.xxx.C@ec4a87

Even if the bean for class A isn't obtained by scanning, the processing tools are still applied by <context:component-scan> on all beans registered in the application context, even for A which was manually registered in the XML.

But what if we have the following XML, will we get duplicated beans because we've specified both <context:annotation-config /> and <context:component-scan>?

<context:annotation-config />
<context:component-scan base-package="com.xxx" />
<bean id="aBean" class="com.yyy.A" />

No, no duplications, We again get the expected result:

creating bean B: com.xxx.B@157aa53
creating bean C: com.xxx.C@ec4a87
creating bean A: com.yyy.A@1d64c37
setting A.bbb with com.xxx.B@157aa53
setting A.ccc with com.xxx.C@ec4a87

That's because both tags register the same processing tools (<context:annotation-config /> can be omitted if <context:component-scan> is specified) but Spring takes care of running them only once.

Even if you register the processing tools yourself multiple times, Spring will still make sure they do their magic only once; this XML:

<context:annotation-config />
<context:component-scan base-package="com.xxx" />
<bean id="aBean" class="com.yyy.A" />
<bean id="bla" class="org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor" />
<bean id="bla1" class="org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor" />
<bean id="bla2" class="org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor" />
<bean id="bla3" class="org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor" />

will still generate the following result:

creating bean B: com.xxx.B@157aa53
creating bean C: com.xxx.C@ec4a87
creating bean A: com.yyy.A@25d2b2
setting A.bbb with com.xxx.B@157aa53
setting A.ccc with com.xxx.C@ec4a87

OK, that about raps it up.

I hope this information along with the responses from @Tomasz Nurkiewicz and @Sean Patrick Floyd are all you need to understand how <context:annotation-config> and <context:component-scan> work.

这篇关于&lt; context:annotation-config&gt;之间的区别和&lt; context:component-scan&gt;的文章就介绍到这了，希望我们推荐的答案对大家有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持IT屋！