Python3:UnicodeEncodeError:'ascii'编解码器无法编码字符'\ xfc' [英] Python3: UnicodeEncodeError: 'ascii' codec can't encode character '\xfc'

问题描述

我正在尝试在使用python 3.5.1的OSX上运行一个非常简单的示例，但是我真的很困惑.已经读了很多处理类似问题的文章，但我自己不能解决.您是否有解决此问题的提示?

I'am trying to get running a very simple example on OSX with python 3.5.1 but I'm really stucked. Have read so many articles that deal with similar problems but I can not fix this by myself. Do you have any hints how to resolve this issue?

我希望mylist中定义的编码latin-1输出正确无误.

I would like to have the correct encoded latin-1 output as defined in mylist without any errors.

我的代码:

# coding=<latin-1>

mylist = [u'Glück', u'Spaß', u'Ähre',]
print(mylist)

错误:

Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/Users/abc/test.py", line 4, in <module>
print(mylist)
UnicodeEncodeError: 'ascii' codec can't encode character '\xfc' in position 4: ordinal not in range(128)

我如何解决该错误，但仍然无法使用stdout(打印)解决问题:

mylist = [u'Glück', u'Spaß', u'Ähre',]
    for w in mylist:
        print(w.encode("latin-1"))

我得到的输出为:

b'Gl\xfcck'
b'Spa\xdf'
b'\xc4hre'

语言环境"向我显示的是什么:

What 'locale' shows me:

LANG="de_AT.UTF-8"
LC_COLLATE="de_AT.UTF-8"
LC_CTYPE="de_AT.UTF-8"
LC_MESSAGES="de_AT.UTF-8"
LC_MONETARY="de_AT.UTF-8"
LC_NUMERIC="de_AT.UTF-8"
LC_TIME="de_AT.UTF-8"
LC_ALL=

什么 ->'python3'告诉我:

What -> 'python3' shows me:

Python 3.5.1 (default, Jan 22 2016, 08:54:32) 
[GCC 4.2.1 Compatible Apple LLVM 7.0.2 (clang-700.1.81)] on darwin
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import sys
>>> sys.getdefaultencoding()
'utf-8'

推荐答案

删除字符<和>:

# coding=latin-1

在示例中经常使用这些字符来表示编码名称的位置，但是文本字符<和>不应包含在文件中.

Those character are often used in examples to indicate where the encoding name goes, but the literal characters < and > should not be included in your file.

要使其正常工作，您的文件必须使用latin-1进行编码.如果您的文件实际上是使用utf-8编码的，则编码行应为

For that to work, your file must be encoded using latin-1. If your file is actually encoded using utf-8, the encoding line should be

# coding=utf-8

例如，当我运行此脚本时(保存为具有latin-1编码的文件):

For example, when I run this script (saved as a file with latin-1 encoding):

# coding=latin-1

mylist = [u'Glück', u'Spaß', u'Ähre',]
print(mylist)

for w in mylist:
    print(w.encode("latin-1"))

我得到这个输出(没有错误):

I get this output (with no errors):

['Glück', 'Spaß', 'Ähre']
b'Gl\xfcck'
b'Spa\xdf'
b'\xc4hre'

该输出看起来正确.例如，ü的latin-1编码为'\xfc'.

That output looks correct. For example, the latin-1 encoding of ü is '\xfc'.

我使用编辑器以latin-1编码保存文件.该文件的内容以十六进制为:

I used my editor to save the file with latin-1 encoding. The contents of the file in hexadecimal are:

$ hexdump -C  codec-question.py 
00000000  23 20 63 6f 64 69 6e 67  3d 6c 61 74 69 6e 2d 31  |# coding=latin-1|
00000010  0a 0a 6d 79 6c 69 73 74  20 3d 20 5b 75 27 47 6c  |..mylist = [u'Gl|
00000020  fc 63 6b 27 2c 20 75 27  53 70 61 df 27 2c 20 75  |.ck', u'Spa.', u|
00000030  27 c4 68 72 65 27 2c 5d  0a 70 72 69 6e 74 28 6d  |'.hre',].print(m|
00000040  79 6c 69 73 74 29 0a 0a  66 6f 72 20 77 20 69 6e  |ylist)..for w in|
00000050  20 6d 79 6c 69 73 74 3a  0a 20 20 20 20 70 72 69  | mylist:.    pri|
00000060  6e 74 28 77 2e 65 6e 63  6f 64 65 28 22 6c 61 74  |nt(w.encode("lat|
00000070  69 6e 2d 31 22 29 29 0a                           |in-1")).|
00000078

请注意，第三行(即位置0x20处的字符)的第一个字节(以十六进制表示)为fc.那是ü的latin-1编码.如果 file 是使用utf-8编码的，则字符ü将使用两个字节c3 bc表示.

Note that the first byte (represented in hexadecimal) in the third line (i.e. the character at position 0x20) is fc. That is the latin-1 encoding of ü. If the file was encoded using utf-8, the character ü would be represented using two bytes, c3 bc.

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